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Biotechnology

Cell measurements

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Displaying 76 - 93 of 93

Do archaea need an origin of replication?

March 1, 2018
Author(s)
Lori Kelman, Zvi Kelman
Chromosomal DNA replication starts at a specific sequence called an origin of replication. Until recently, all archaeal organisms were thought to require origins to replicate their chromosomes. It was recently discovered that some species do not utilize

Large Field of View Quantitative Phase Imaging of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Optical Pathlength Reference Materials

February 23, 2018
Author(s)
Edward J. Kwee, Alexander W. Peterson, Jeffrey R. Stinson, Michael W. Halter, Liya Yu, Michael P. Majurski, Joe Chalfoun, Peter Bajcsy, John T. Elliott
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are reprogrammed cells that can have heterogeneous biological potential. Quality assurance metrics of reprogrammed iPSCs will be critical to ensure reliable use in cell therapies and personalized diagnostic tests. We

Web Microanalysis of Big Image Data

February 1, 2018
Author(s)
Peter Bajcsy, Joe Chalfoun, Mylene H. Simon
This book looks at the increasing interest in running microscopy processing algorithms on big image data by presenting the theoretical and architectural underpinnings of a web image processing pipeline (WIPP). Software-based methods and infrastructure

Controlled Potential Electrooxidation of Genomic DNA

January 11, 2018
Author(s)
Vytas Reipa, Donald H. Atha, Sanem Hosbas Coskun, Christopher Sims, Bryant Nelson
Exposure of mammalian cells to oxidative stress can result in DNA damage that adversely affects many cell processes. We used bulk electrolysis in an electrochemical system and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS/MS) to control and

Modeling, Validation and Verification of Three-Dimensional Cell-Scaffold Contacts from Terabyte- sized Images

December 1, 2017
Author(s)
Peter Bajcsy, Sowon Joy Yoon, Stephen Florczyk, Nathan Hotaling, Mylene H. Simon, Piotr Szczypinski, Nicholas J. Schaub, Carl G. Simon Jr., Mary C. Brady, Ram D. Sriram
Background: Cell-scaffold contact measurements are derived from pairs of co-registered volumetric fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images (z-stacks) of stained cells and spun coat, large microfiber, and medium microfiber scaffolds. Our

The role of human monoacylglycerol lipase (hMAGL) binding pocket in breakup of unsaturated phospholipid membranes

November 1, 2017
Author(s)
Ioannis L. Karageorgos, Vitalii I. Silin, nikolai zvonok, John P. Marino, David Janero, Alexandros Makriyannis
Human monoacylglycerol lipase (hMAGL) plays a key role in homeostatic tuning of the endocannabinoid signaling system and supports aggressive tumorogenesis, making this enzyme a promising therapeutic target. hMAGL features a membrane-associated lid domain

In Vitro Cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) Activation by Neuroactive Compounds

June 22, 2017
Author(s)
Natalia Mast, Kyle Anderson, Kevin Johnson, Thanh Phan, F. Peter Guengerich, Irina A. Pikuleva
Cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1 or cholesterol 24-hydroxylase) is the central nervous system-specific enzyme responsible for the majority of cholesterol elimination from the brain. Previously we found that CYP46A1 could be activated pharmacologically in mice

A novel measure and significance testing in data analysis of cell image segmentation

April 20, 2017
Author(s)
Jin Chu Wu, Michael W. Halter, Raghu N. Kacker, John T. Elliott, Anne L. Plant
Background: Cell image segmentation (CIS) is an essential part of quantitative imaging of biological cells. Designing a performance measure and conducting significance testing are critical for evaluating and comparing the CIS algorithms for image-based

FDA Approves First Genetically-Modified Cell Therapy to Treat Leukemia

March 1, 2017
Author(s)
Carl Simon Jr.
The FDA approved the first genetically-modified cell therapy for the treatment of leukemia on August 30, 2017 [1-2]. The treatment (tisagenlecleucel) is an "autologous genetically modified immunocellular therapy indicated for the treatment of pediatric and

Measurements of translation initiation from all 64 codons in E. coli

February 21, 2017
Author(s)
Ariel H. Hecht, Jeff E. Glasgow, Paul Jaschke, Lukmaan Bawazer, Matthew S. Munson, Jennifer R. Cochran, Drew Endy, Marc L. Salit
Our understanding of translation represents a cornerstone of molecular biology and underpins our capacity to engineer living matter. For decades, the codon AUG and a few near-cognates (GUG, UUG) have been exclusively considered as “start codons” for

High Resolution Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging for Single Cells

November 30, 2014
Author(s)
Alexander Peterson, Michael Halter, Alessandro Tona, Anne Plant
Background Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) is a label-free technique that can image refractive index changes at an interface. We have previously shown that SPRI can be used to study the dynamics of cell-substratum interactions. However

Quantitative Methods to Characterize Cell Lines: Comparison of Cells from Marine and Terrestrial Mammals.

July 28, 2012
Author(s)
Tighe Spurlin, John T. Elliott, Michael W. Halter, Kiran Bhadriraju, Alessandro Tona, Anne L. Plant, Annalaura Mancia, Bobby L. Middlebrooks, Gregory W. Warr
Descriptive terms are often used to characterize cells in culture, but the use of nonquantitative and poorly defined terms can lead to ambiguities when comparing data from different laboratories. Although recently there has been a good deal of interest in

Regulation of Oxygen Level and Pervaporation in Microfluidic Devices

October 13, 2011
Author(s)
Peter C. Thomas, Srinivasa R. Raghavan, Samuel Forry
Oxygen level plays a critical role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Misregulation of oxygen levels in cell culture have been shown to impact cell growth, death and differentiation. As such, proper management of oxygen level is required in cell based assays

ON-CHIP PERVAPORATION-FREE CONTROL OF GAS PARTIAL PRESSURES

October 2, 2011
Author(s)
Peter C. Thomas, Laurie E. Locascio, Srinivasa R. Raghavan, Samuel Forry
Pre-equilibrated aqueous solutions were used on-chip to simultaneously mitigate pervaporation and modulate the partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) in stagnant culture chambers. This approach enabled long-term (>1 week), stopped-flow

Monitoring and Controlling Oxygen Levels in Microfluidic Devices

April 30, 2010
Author(s)
Samuel Forry, Peter C. Thomas, Srinivasa R. Raghavan
Mammalian cell culture has been traditionally performed in a static oxygen concentration of 20 mol %. However, oxygen level in vivo is significantly more hypoxic with an average oxygen concentration of 3 mol % to 5 mol %. In addition, many cells within the
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