Structure and Dynamics of a Site-Specific Labeled Fc Fragment with Altered Effector Functions

Published

October 21, 2019

Author(s)

David T. Gallagher, Robert G. Brinson, John P. Marino, nazzareno dimasi

Abstract

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of biotherapeutic drugs designed as targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer. Among the challenges in generating an effective ADC is the choice of an effective conjugation site on the IgG. One common method to prepare site specific ADCs is to engineer solvent accessible cysteine residues into antibodies. Here, we used x-ray diffraction and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectroscopy to analyze the structure and dynamics of such a construct where a cysteine has been inserted after Ser 239 (Fc-239i) in the antibody heavy chain sequence. The crystal structure of this Fc-C239i variant at 0.23 nm resolution shows that the inserted cysteine structurally replaces Ser 239 and that this causes a domino-like backward shift of the local polypeptide, pushing Pro 238 out into the hinge. Proline is unable to substitute conformationally for the wild-type glycine at this position, providing a structural reason for the previously observed abolition of both FcR binding and antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Energy estimates for the both the FcR interface (7 kcal/mol) and for the differential conformation of Proline (20 kcal/mol) are consistent with the observed disruption of FcR binding, providing a quantifiable case where strain at a single residue appears to disrupt a key biological function. Conversely, the structure of Fc-C239i is relatively unchanged at the intersection of the CH2 and CH3 domains, the site known to be involved in binding of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), and an alignment of the Fc-C239i structure with a Fc structure in a ternary Fc:FcRn:HSA complex implies that these favorable contacts would be maintained. HDX-MS data further suggests a significant increase in conformational mobility for the Fc-C239i protein relative to Fc that is evident even far from the insertion site but still largely confined to the CH2 domain. Together, the findings provide a detailed structural and dynamic

Citation

Pharmaceutics

Volume

11

Issue

10

Pub Type

Journals

Keywords

Antibody, conjugate, immunotherapy

Citation

Gallagher, D. , Brinson, R. , Marino, J. and dimasi, N. (2019), Structure and Dynamics of a Site-Specific Labeled Fc Fragment with Altered Effector Functions, Pharmaceutics (Accessed May 1, 2025)