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Bioscience

Biomaterials

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Displaying 376 - 400 of 1733

Structural origins of enhanced capacity retention in novel copolymerized sulfur-based composite cathodes for high-energy density Li-S batteries

September 17, 2015
Author(s)
Vladimir P. Oleshko, Jenny J. Kim, Jennifer L. Schaefer, Steven D. Hudson, Christopher L. Soles, Adam Simmonds, Jared Griebel, Kookheon Char, Jeff Pyun
Poly(sulfur-random-(1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) (poly(S-r-DIB)) copolymers synthesized via inverse vulcanization form high molecular mass electrochemically active polymers capable of realizing enhanced capacity retention (1005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES WITH ISOSORBIDE CHAIN EXTENDER

August 28, 2015
Author(s)
Fan Zhang, Ivan Javni, Olivera Bili?, Nikola Bili? , Zoran S. Petrovic, Jan Ilavsky
Isosorbide, a renewable diol derived from starch, was used in combination with butane diol or alone as the chain extender in two series of thermoplastic polyurethanes with 50 and 70% soft segment concentration (SSC). Polyurethanes with 50% SSC based on

In-Situ Method for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Nafion Thin Films during Hydration Cycles

August 15, 2015
Author(s)
Kirt A. Page, Jae W. Shin, Scott Eastman, Brandon W. Rowe, Sangcheol Kim, Ahmet Kusoglu, Kevin G. Yager, Gery R. Stafford
Perfluorinated ionomers, in particular Nafion, are an essential component in hydrogen fuel cells, as both the proton exchange membrane and the binder within the catalyst layer. During normal operation of a hydrogen fuel cell the ionomer will progressively

Field-based simulations of nanostructured polyelectrolyte gels

August 11, 2015
Author(s)
Debra J. Audus, Glenn Fredrickson
Nanostructured, responsive hydrogels composed of oppositely charged triblock copolymers with charged end-blocks and neutral, hydrophilic mid-blocks in aqueous solution were recently discovered. Due to electrostatic interactions, the end-blocks microphase

Heterogeneity and length scale effects in PEG-based hydrogels

August 10, 2015
Author(s)
Brian G. Bush, Jenna M. Shapiro, Frank W. DelRio, Robert F. Cook, Michelle L. Oyen
Colloidal-probe spherical indentation load-relaxation experiments are conducted on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel materials to quantify the steady-state mechanical properties and time-dependent transport properties in a single experiment. A probe

Diff use interface methods for modeling drug eluting stent coatings

July 17, 2015
Author(s)
James A. Warren, David Saylor, Christopher Forrey, Changsoo Kim
An overview of diff use interface models specific to drug eluting stent coatings is presented. Microscale heterogeneities, both in the coating and use environment, dictate the performance of these coatings. Using diffuse interface methods, these

The evolution of carbon nanotube network structure in unidirectional nanocomposites resolved by quantitative electron tomography

June 23, 2015
Author(s)
Bharath NMN Natarajan, Noa Lachman, Thomas F. Lam, Douglas Jacobs, Christian J. Long, Minhua Zhao, Brian L. Wardle, Renu Sharma, James A. Liddle
Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymers are next-generation, high-performance, multifunctional materials with a wide array of promising applications. The successful introduction of such materials is hampered by the lack of a quantitative understanding of

Mesomorphic Pathway in Early Stage Crystallization of Polyethylene

June 18, 2015
Author(s)
Kalman D. Migler, Angela R. Hight Walker, Anthony P. Kotula
The kinetic pathway by which a molten polymer transforms into a multi-length scale semi-crystalline structure upon cooling is an unsolved problem in polymer physics, yet it is critical to the processing, properties and ultimate performance of these

Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Ionic Liquids

June 1, 2015
Author(s)
Fan Zhang, Joshua A. Hammons, Jan Ilavsky
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful technique that is used to resolve the size and structure of phases on the nanometer scale, within a sample. While these features may also be observed with other techniques, such as: electron microscopy or

X-ray CT imaging and finite element computations of the elastic properties of a rigid organic foam compared to experimental measurements: Implications for foam grade differences and process control

March 17, 2015
Author(s)
Edward Garboczi, Aaron Forster, Jan Miller, Chen-Luh Lin, Cesar Chan, Kumar Natesaiyer, David Song, Suman Sinha-Ray
A combined computational/experimental materials science technique was developed for acquiring the structure of a rigid organic foam (ROHACELL) using X-ray computed tomography with appropriate image analysis, computing the elastic moduli using large-scale

Reducing Block Copolymer Interfacial Widths through Polymer Additives

February 10, 2015
Author(s)
Daniel F. Sunday, Regis J. Kline
There is a need to design new materials to achieve smaller pitches and reduced interfacial widths for use in the nanopatterning of block copolymers (BCPs). One option is the use of blends, where the addition of a homopolymer which selectively associates to

New Insights into Subsurface Imaging of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Composites via Scanning Electron Microscopy

February 4, 2015
Author(s)
Minhua Zhao, Bin Ming, Jae-Woo Kim, Luke J. Gibbons, Xiaohong Gu, Tinh Nguyen, Cheol Park, Peter T. Lillehei, John S. Villarrubia, Andras Vladar, James A. Liddle
Despite many studies of subsurface imaging of carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer composites via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), significant controversy exists concerning the imaging depth and contrast mechanisms. We studied CNT-polyimide composites and, by

In-situ Characterization of Polymer-Fullerene Bilayer Stability

January 8, 2015
Author(s)
Lee J. Richter, Regis J. Kline, Hyun Wook Ro, Chad R. Snyder, Andrew A. Herzing, Sebastian Engmann
A consensus is emerging that every phase present in a bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) device is not material pure. In general, there will exist at least one region characterized by a mixture of donor and acceptor. Significant insights into

High Resolution Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging for Single Cells

November 30, 2014
Author(s)
Alexander Peterson, Michael Halter, Alessandro Tona, Anne Plant
Background Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) is a label-free technique that can image refractive index changes at an interface. We have previously shown that SPRI can be used to study the dynamics of cell-substratum interactions. However

A study of the adhesive foot of the gecko

November 14, 2014
Author(s)
Elmar Kroner, Chelsea S. Davis
In recent years, hundreds of scientific studies have been published regarding gecko-inspired adhesives. The primary reason for this increasing interest lies in the unique properties which are combined in the adhesive system of the gecko: this natural

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter, Spring, and Fall 1994 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robins XXX, XXXI, and XXXII Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum and Round Robins 5 and 6 Ascorbic Acid in Huma

October 30, 2014
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, Margaret C. Kline, Katherine E. Sharpless, S A. Margolis
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat- and water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes

Prediction and Validation of Diffusion Coefficients in a Model Drug Delivery System Using Microsecond Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Vapor Sorption Analysis

October 21, 2014
Author(s)
Christopher Forrey, D M. Saylor, Joshua S. Silverstein, Jack F. Douglas, Eric Davis, Yossef A. Elabd
Diffusion of small to medium sized molecules in polymeric medical device materials underlies a broad range of public health concerns related to unintended leaching from or uptake into implantable medical devices. Knowledge of diffusion rates is thus

Foam Composite Specifications and Qualification in Support of NIJ 0115.00

September 8, 2014
Author(s)
Aaron Forster, Emilien J. Guigues, Amanda Forster, Jeffrey M. Davis, Kirk D. Rice
A laminate foam composite is recommended in the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) 0115.00 standard as the backing material for testing stab resistant body armor. The foam specification originated from early work to match force-displacement profiles from
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