U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

NIST Pubs

Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Plastics: A Review

Author(s)
Paul Rikhter, Ilayda Dinc, Yirui Zhang, Ted Jiang, Bobby Miyashiro, Shelby Walsh, Ruoyu Wang, Yvonne Dinh, Sangwon Suh, Joshua D. Kneifel
Global production and consumption of plastics and its deposition in the environment are growing rapidly, while their life-cycle impacts to the environment are

WUI Structure/Parcel/Community Fire Hazard Mitigation Methodology

Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Eric Link, Shonali Nazare, Steven Hawks, Jim McDougald, Stephen Quarles, Daniel Gorham
In the last twenty years, wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires have been growing in severity and size. The structures destroyed by WUI fires have devastated

Toward a New Primary Standardization of Radionuclide Massic Activity Using Microcalorimetry and Quantitative Milligram-Scale Samples

Author(s)
Ryan P. Fitzgerald, Bradley Alpert, Dan Becker, Denis E. Bergeron, Richard Essex, Kelsey Morgan, Svetlana Nour, Galen O'Neil, Dan Schmidt, Gordon A. Shaw, Daniel Swetz, R. Michael Verkouteren, Daikang Yan
We present a new paradigm for the primary standardization of radionuclide activity per mass of solution (Bq/g). Two key enabling capabilities are 4π decay

Smart Cities and Communities: A Key Performance Indicators Framework

Author(s)
Martin Serrano, Edward Griffor, David A. Wollman, Michael Dunaway, Martin Burns, Sokwoo Rhee, Chris Greer
This publication presents research findings and scientific work that advance the development and progression of smart city and community measurement methodology

Ransomware Risk Management: A Cybersecurity Framework Profile

Author(s)
Bill Fisher, Murugiah Souppaya, William Barker, Karen Scarfone
Ransomware is a type of malicious attack where attackers encrypt an organization's data and demand payment to restore access. In some instances, attackers may

Securing Telehealth Remote Patient Monitoring Ecosystem

Author(s)
Jennifer Cawthra, Nakia R. Grayson, Ronald Pulivarti, Bronwyn J. Hodges, Jason Kuruvilla, Kevin Littlefield, Julie Snyder, Sue Shuqiu Wang, Ryan Williams, Kangmin Zheng
Increasingly, healthcare delivery organizations (HDOs) are relying on telehealth and remote patient monitoring (RPM) capabilities to treat patients at home. RPM

Results from a Black-Box Study for Digital Examiners

Author(s)
Barbara Guttman, Mary T. Laamanen, Craig Russell, James Darnell, Chris Atha
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted a black-box study in conjunction with a scientific foundation review documented in NISTIR

Certification of NIST Gas Mixture Standard Reference Materials

Author(s)
Christina Cecelski, Kimberly Harris, Cassie Goodman, William A. Kimes, Philip Liu, Walter R. Miller Jr., Jennifer Carney
The Gas Sensing Metrology Group at NIST provides accurate, stable gaseous standards for use in various types of emissions testing and environmental monitoring