Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Forensic science

News and Updates

Keyword

Organization

OSAC Annual Report 2018

August 29, 2018

The Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) for Forensic Science has released its 2018 Annual Report. OSAC continues to make steady progress toward...

MIX13 Interlaboratory Study on DNA Mixture Interpretation

August 2, 2018

In 2013, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted a study in which 108 forensic laboratories interpreted the same set of DNA evidence...

NIST Builds Statistical Foundation for Next-Generation Forensic DNA Profiling

July 23, 2018

DNA is often considered the most reliable form of forensic evidence, and this reputation is based on the way DNA experts use statistics. When they compare...

Data-Sharing Website May Speed Response to New Illegal Drugs

July 5, 2018

The drug overdose epidemic currently gripping the nation is so tenacious in part because it’s being driven by fentanyl, a synthetic opioid that comes in many...

Three New Standards Approved for OSAC Registry

June 26, 2018

The Organization of Scientific Area Committees for Forensic Science (OSAC) has approved three new standards for inclusion on the OSAC Registry. This registry...

Drone Forensics Gets a Boost With New Data on NIST Website

June 5, 2018

Aerial drones might someday deliver online purchases to your home. But in some prisons, drone delivery is already a thing. Drones have been spotted flying drugs...

a forensic face examiner considers whether two images show the same person

NIST Study Shows Face Recognition Experts Perform Better With AI as Partner

May 29, 2018

Experts at recognizing faces often play a crucial role in criminal cases. A photo from a security camera can mean prison or freedom for a defendant—and...

OSAC Releases an Online Lexicon for the Forensic Sciences

March 13, 2018

The forensic sciences encompass dozens of disciplines, each with its own history and vocabulary. As a result, a word might mean one thing to forensic...

A graph with vertical lines showing the mass spectrum of fentanyl

Free Software Can Help Spot New Forms of Fentanyl and Other Illegal Drugs

March 7, 2018

Fentanyl, the synthetic drug that is driving a nationwide overdose epidemic, is not only a killer. It’s also a shape shifter. Illicit chemists are constantly...

NIST Announces 2018 Small Business Innovation Research Funding Opportunity

February 16, 2018

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is now accepting proposals for its 2018 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards. The...

Graphic explaining the CMC method for comparing ballistic surfaces

How Good a Match is It? Putting Statistics into Forensic Firearms Identification

February 8, 2018

On February 14, 1929, gunmen working for Al Capone disguised themselves as police officers, entered the warehouse of a competing gang, and shot seven of their...

photo of graduation certificate, book, and mortarboard

Four Universities Receive NIST Funding to Develop Standards Curricula

January 16, 2018

GAITHERSBURG, Md.—The U.S. Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has made four awards totaling approximately $266,000 to...

A Framework for Harmonizing Forensic Science Practices and Digital/Multimedia Evidence

January 11, 2018

The Organization of Scientific Area Committees for Forensic Science (OSAC), which works to strengthen forensic science through the development of...

New NIST Forensic Tests Help Ensure High-Quality Copies of Digital Evidence

December 12, 2017

Data found on a suspect’s computer, cell phone or tablet can prove to be crucial evidence in a legal case. A new set of software tools developed at the National...

Empty courtoom with seats and scales of justice on table

NIST Experts Urge Caution in Use of Courtroom Evidence Presentation Method

October 12, 2017

Editor’s Note: The headline on this article was updated to clarify that NIST as an institution is not making a policy recommendation on this subject. The peer...

NIST to Assess the Reliability of Forensic Methods for Analyzing DNA Mixtures

October 3, 2017

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will undertake a study to assess the reliability of forensic methods for analyzing DNA evidence that...

The Physicist Who is Working to Accelerate Change in Forensic Science

September 26, 2017

Sylvester James Gates, Jr. is a world-recognized researcher in theoretical physics. Formerly of the University of Maryland and now a professor at Brown...

The Forensic Scientist Who Knows How to Build Consensus

September 26, 2017

Jeremy Triplett has had a busy three years. Since the inception of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees for Forensic Science ( OSAC) in 2014, Triplett...

Lynn Garcia at the 2017 International Error Management Symposium

Speaking of Error in Forensic Science

September 5, 2017

When Continental flight 3407 crashed on approach to Buffalo Niagara airport on February 12, 2009, all 49 persons on board, and one on the ground, were killed...

NIST Seeks Input on OSAC 2.0

August 30, 2017

GAITHERSBURG, Md.—The U.S. Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is seeking public input on a potential new organizational...

Scientists Automate Key Step in Forensic Fingerprint Analysis

August 14, 2017

The first big case involving fingerprint evidence in the United States was the murder trial of Thomas Jennings in Chicago in 1911. Jennings had broken into a...

Standard for Glass Comparison Approved for OSAC Registry

July 31, 2017

The Organization of Scientific Area Committees for Forensic Science (OSAC) has approved the Standard Test Method for Forensic Comparison of Glass Using Micro X...

Scientists Lay the Groundwork for a Reliable Marijuana Breathalyzer

July 5, 2017

Marijuana is now legal for recreational or medicinal use in at least 28 states and the District of Columbia. But driving under the influence of marijuana is...

Fire Testing of New Building Materials

June 8, 2017

New, lighter, cheaper, sustainable and recyclable building materials are entering the market every day as developers try to lower costs and shrink their carbon...

Woman uses gas analysis mass spectrometer at NBS for chemical analysis of gas or vapor mixtures

NIST Upgrades Widely Used Database of Molecular 'Fingerprints'

June 6, 2017

When scientists need to identify an unknown compound, they do what a police detective might do. They get fingerprints—in this case, the “molecular fingerprints”...

Was this page helpful?

NIST Headquarters
-Executive Director for Semiconductor Innovation and Investment
--CHIPS Program Office
---CHIPS Program Headquarters
----CHIPS Program Headquarters - HQ
----Opportunity & Inclusion Group
---External & Government Affairs Division
----External & Government Affairs - HQ
---Investments Division
----Investments Division - HQ
---Operations Office
----Operations Office - HQ
---Risk Management Division
----Risk Management - HQ
---Strategy, Technology & Policy Division
----Strategy, Technology & Policy - HQ
--CHIPS Research & Development Program Office
---CHIPS Research & Development Program Headquarters Division
----CHIPS Research & Development Program Headquarters - HQ
----Integration & Policy Office
----Outreach & Partnerships Office
---External R&D Partnerships Division
----External R&D Partnerships - HQ
----National Advanced Packaging Manufacturing Program Group
----National Semiconductor Technology Center Group
---Industrial Advisory Committee
----Industrial Advisory Committee - HQ
---Semiconductor Manufacturing Institute Division
----Semiconductor Manufacturing Institute - HQ
--Executive Director for Semiconductor Innovation and Investment
---Executive Director for Semiconductor Innovation and Investment
----Executive Director for Semiconductor Innovation and Investment - HQ
-Management Resources
--Management Resources
---Associate Director for Management Resources
----Associate Director for Management Resources - HQ
---Business Operations Office
----Business Analytics Group
----Business Operations Office - HQ
----Process Engineering Office
---Emergency Services Office
----Emergency Management, Preparedness and Coordination Group
----Emergency Services - HQ
----Fire Protection Group
----Security Systems and Access Control Group
---Equal Employment Opportunity and Accessibility Office
----Equal Employment Opportunity and Accessibility - HQ
---NIST Research Library and Museum
----NIST Research Library and Museum - HQ
---Fabrication Technology Office
----Fabrication Technology Office - HQ
--Office of Facilities and Property Management
---Boulder Design and Construction Division
----Boulder Design and Construction - HQ
----Facilities Improvement (Boulder) Group
----Reimbursable Work Group
----Facilities Modernization (Boulder) Group
---Gaithersburg Design and Construction Division
----Facilities Improvement (Gaithersburg) Group
----Reimbursable Work (Gaithersburg) Group
----Facilities Modernization (Gaithersburg) Group
----Gaithersburg Design and Construction - HQ
---Gaithersburg Facility Maintenance Division
----Building Management (Gaithersburg) Group
----Operations Engineering Group
----Gaithersburg Facility Maintenance - HQ
----Operations and Maintenance (Gaithersburg) Group
---Facilities Services Division
----Logistics Group
----Materials Management (Gaithersburg) Group
----Site Services Group
----Facilities Services Division - HQ
---Boulder Facilities Maintenance Division
----Site Support Group
----Boulder Facilities Maintenance- HQ
---Office of Facilities and Property Management
----Capital Asset Management and Facilities Planning Group
----OFPM Program Management Office
----Office of Facilities and Property Management - HQ
----Administrative Operations Group
----Safety, Health and Compliance Group
--Office of Acquisition and Agreements Management
---Office of Acquisition and Agreements Management
----Office of Acquisition and Agreements Management - HQ
---Financial Assistance Agreements Management Office
----Financial Assistance Agreements Management Office - HQ
---Acquisition Management Division
----Acquisition Management - HQ
----Acquisition Operations
----Acquisition Operations
----Acquisition Policy and Reimbursable Agreements
--Office of Information Systems Management
---Applications Systems Division
----Applications Systems - HQ
----Business Systems Group
----Custom Applications Development Group
----Data Management & Business Intelligence Group
----Database & Applications Infrastructure Group
----Drupal Development Group
----Identity & Access Management (IDAM) Group
----Institutional Systems Support Group
----OSHE Web Development Group
---Research Services Office
----Lab Automation Group
----Research Services Office - HQ
----Scientific Systems Group
---Service Delivery Excellence Office
----Customer Relationship Management Group
----Project Management Group
----Salesforce DevOps Group
----Service Delivery Excellence Office
----ServiceNow DevOps Group
---Information Technology Security & Networking Division
----A&A Assessment Group
----A&A Infrastructure Group
----Assessment & Accreditation (A&A) Program
----Embedded IT Security Officer Group
----Information Technology Security & Networking - HQ
----Network Security Group
----Networking Group
----Privacy Group
----Security Implementation & Incident Response Group
----Telecommunications Group
---Customer Access and Support Division
----CASD Boulder Site Support Group
----Customer Access and Support - HQ
----Desktop Support Group
----Embedded Support Group A
----Embedded Support Group B
----Managed Endpoint for MAC & Mobile Group
----Managed Endpoint Windows Group
----Service Desk Operations Group
---Infrastructure Services Division
----Compute & Storage Group
----Computer Facilities Group
----Infrastructure Services Division - HQ
----Security & Monitoring Group
----Unix Hosting Group
----Windows Hosting Group
---Office of Information Systems Management
----Office of Information Systems Management - HQ
----Service & Project Management Group
---Platform Services Division
----Authentication & Directory Services Group
----Collaboration Services Group
----Enterprise Cloud Communications Group
----Enterprise Continuous Diagnostics and Monitoring Group
----Platform Management Group
----Platform Services Division - HQ
--Office of Human Resources Management
---Learning and Organizational Development Division
----Learning and Organizational Development - HQ
---Talent Acquisition Division
----Talent Acquisition - HQ
---Workforce Analytics and Technology Division
----Workforce Analytics and Technology - HQ
---Human Resources Management Office
----Human Resources Management Office - HQ
---Workforce Programs Division
----Workforce Programs - HQ
--Office of Safety, Health and Environment
---Fire Protection Authority Division
----Fire Protection Authority - HQ
---Office of Safety, Health and Environment
----Office of Safety, Health and Environment - HQ
---Gaithersburg Safety, Health and Environment Division
----Occupational Health Group
----Occupational Safety Group
----Gaithersburg Safety, Health and Environment - HQ
----Environmental Management Group
---Radiation Safety Division
----Radiation Facilities Group
----Program Development and Compliance Group
----Radiation Safety - HQ
---Boulder Safety, Health and Environment Division
----Boulder Safety, Health and Environment - HQ
--Office of Financial Resource Management
---Financial Systems and Reporting Division
----CBS Core Support Group
----CBS Feeder System Support Group
----Financial Systems and Reporting Division - HQ
----Financial Statements Group
----Data Control Group
----Reconciliations Group
---Office of Financial Resource Management
----Office of Financial Resource Management - HQ
----Internal Controls Management & Evaluation Office
----Enterprise Risk Management Office
---Financial Operations Division
----Travel Group
----Agreements Group
----Accounts Receivable Group
----Financial Operations - HQ
----Accounts Payable Group
---Budget Division
----Technical and Extramural Programs Group
----Institutional Support and Facilities Group
----Budget - HQ
----Formulation and Financial Management Group
-Laboratory Programs
--Communications Technology Laboratory
---Quantum Communications Division
----Quantum Communications - HQ
----Quantum Networking & Transduction Group
----Quantum Networks Architecture and Protocols Group
----Scalable Quantum Computing Group
---RF Technology Division
----High-Speed Waveform Metrology Group
----Superconductive Electronics Group
----Guided Wave Electromagnetics Group
----Electromagnetic Fields Group
----RF Technology Division - HQ
---Smart Connected Systems Division
----IoT Devices and Infrastructures Group
----Networked Control Systems Group
----Smart Connected Manufacturing Systems Group
----Smart Grid Group
----Transformational Networks and Services Group
---Spectrum Technology and Research Division
----Applied Systems Metrology Group
----Fiber Sources and Applications Group
----Shared Spectrum Metrology Group
----Spectrum Technology and Research - HQ
---Wireless Networks Division
----Internet Technologies Research Group
----Radio Access and Propagation Metrology Group
----Wireless Networks Division - HQ
----Wireless Systems Innovation and Performance Group
---Public Safety Communications Research Division
----Public Safety Communications Research Division - HQ
----Advanced Communications Research Group
----Network Operations Group
---Communications Technology Laboratory HQ
----Communications Technology Laboratory HQ Gp
----Boulder Laboratory Director Office
--Engineering Laboratory
---Building Energy and Environment Division
----Building Energy and Environment - HQ
----Mechanical Systems and Controls Group
----Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Group
----HVAC&R Equipment Performance Group
----Heat Transfer and Alternative Energy Systems Group
---Intelligent Systems Division
----Intelligent Systems - HQ
----Manipulation and Mobility Systems Group
----Cognition and Collaboration Systems Group
----Production Systems Group
----Sensing and Perception Systems Group
---Materials and Structural Systems Division
----Earthquake Engineering Group
----Engineering Research Support Group
----Infrastructure Materials Group
----Community Resilience Group
----Materials and Structural Systems - HQ
----Structures Group
---Engineering Laboratory Office
----Applied Economics Office
----Disaster Impact Reduction Office
----Engineering Laboratory - HQ
----Engineering Laboratory Data, Security, Technology Group
---Fire Research Division
----National Fire Research Laboratory Group
----Wildland Urban Interface Fire Group
----Flammability Reduction Group
----Fire Research - HQ
----Engineered Fire Safety Group
----Fire Fighting Technology Group
---Systems Integration Division
----Life Cycle Engineering Group
----Process Engineering Group
----Information Modeling and Testing Group
----Systems Integration - HQ
--Information Technology Laboratory
---Applied Cybersecurity Division
----Applied Cybersecurity - HQ
----Cybersecurity and Privacy Applications Group
----National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence
----NICE
---Computer Security Division
----Computer Security - HQ
----Cryptographic Technology Group
----Software Security Group
----Hardware Security Group
----Security Engineering and Risk Management Group
---Applied and Computational Mathematics Division
----Mathematical Software Group
----Mathematical Analysis and Modeling Group
----Quantum Information Group
----High Performance Computing and Visualization Group
----Applied and Computational Mathematics - HQ
---Statistical Engineering Division
----Applied and Computational Statistics Group
----Statistical Design, Analysis, and Modeling Group
----Statistical Engineering - HQ
---AI Research, Measurement, and Standards Division
----AI Standards and Guidelines Group
----AI Research, Measurement, and Standards - HQ
----Applied AI Research Group
---Technology Test and Evaluation Division
----Technology Test and Evaluation - HQ
----Biometric Technologies Group
----Multimedia Language Technologies Group
----AI Technologies Group
----Human-Centered Technologies Group
---Information Technology Laboratory Office
----Office of IT Standardization
----Information Technology Laboratory Office - HQ
----Office of Chief Cybersecurity Advisor
--Laboratory Programs
---Emerging Technologies Acceleration Program
----Artificial Intelligence Accelerator Group
----Biotechnology Accelerator Group
----Emerging Technologies Acceleration Program - HQ
----Quantum Technology Accelerator Group
---Research Data and Computing Office
----Research Data and Computing Office - HQ
---Research Protections Office
----Research Protections Office - HQ
---Research Security and Safeguarding Science Office
----Research Security and Safeguarding Science - HQ
---Semiconductor Metrology Program
----Semiconductor Metrology Program - HQ
---Standards Coordination Office
----International Standards Policy and Coordination Group
----Standards and Conformity Assessment Services Group
----Standards Coordination Office - HQ
----National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)
---Special Programs Office
----Special Programs Office-HQ
---Associate Director for Laboratory Programs
----Associate Director for Laboratory Programs - HQ
--Material Measurement Laboratory
---Office of Reference Materials
----Business and Quality Management Group
----Business Application Development, Support, and Security Group
----Sales and Customer Services Group
----Publication and Web Services Group
----Office of Reference Materials - HQ
----Materials and Physical Services Group
---Material Data Division
----Data Science and AI Group
----Material Data Division - HQ
----Theory, Modeling, and Simulation Group
----Data Center and Business Group
----Data Services and Infrastructure Group
---Biosystems and Biomaterials Division
----Biomarker and Genomic Sciences Group
----Cellular Engineering Group
----Biomaterials Group
----Complex Microbial Systems Group
----Cell Systems Science Group
----Biosystems and Biomaterials Division - HQ
---Chemical Sciences Division
----Biochemical and Exposure Science Group
----Optical Measurements Group
----Chemical Process and Nuclear Measurements Group
----Gas Sensing Metrology Group
----Inorganic Chemical Metrology Group
----Biospecimen Science Group
----Chemical Sciences Division - HQ
----Organic Chemical Metrology Group
---Biomolecular Measurement Division
----Biomolecular Structure and Function Group
----Mass Spectrometry Data Center Group
----Bioprocess Measurements Group
----Bioanalytical Science Group
----Biomolecular Measurement Division - HQ
----Applied Genetics Group
---Applied Chemicals and Materials Division
----Applied Chemicals and Materials Division - HQ
----Thermodynamics Research Center Group
----Thermophysical Properties of Fluids Group
----Nanoscale Reliability Group
----Fluid Characterization Group
----Fatigue and Fracture Group
---Materials Science and Engineering Division
----Thermodynamics and Kinetics Group
----Polymers Processing Group
----Mechanical Performance Group
----Polymers and Complex Fluids Group
----Materials Science and Engineering Division - HQ
----Functional Polymers Group
----Functional Nanostructured Materials Group
---Materials Measurement Science Division
----Security Technologies Group
----Surface and Trace Chemical Analysis Group
----Nanomechanical Properties Group
----Nano Materials Research Group
----Materials Structure and Data Group
----Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Group
----Synchrotron Science Group
----Materials Measurement Science Division - HQ
----Data and AI-Driven Materials Science Group
---Material Measurement Laboratory Office
----The Material Measurement Laboratory Office of Operations Group
----Material Measurement Laboratory - HQ
----Genome-Scale Measurement Group
--NIST Center for Neutron Research
---NIST Center for Neutron Research
----Research Facility Operations Group
----NIST Center for Neutron Research - HQ
----Reactor Operations and Engineering Group
----Neutron-Condensed Matter Science Group
--Physical Measurement Laboratory
---Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division
----Biophysical and Biomedical Measurement Group
----Microsystems and Nanotechnology - HQ
----Nanostructure Fabrication and Measurement Group
----Photonics and Optomechanics Group
---Time and Frequency Division
----Atomic Devices & Instrumentation Group
----Precision Photonic Synthesis Group
----Quantum & Nonlinear Nanophotonics Group
----Ion Storage Group
----Neutral Atom Optical Clocks Group
----Time Realization and Distribution Group
----Phase Noise Metrology Group
----Time and Frequency - HQ
---Quantum Physics Division
----Quantum Physics - HQ
---Radiation Physics Division
----Dosimetry Group
----Radioactivity Group
----Radiation Physics - HQ
----Neutron Physics Group
---Sensor Science Division
----Fundamental Thermodynamics Group
----Sensor Science - HQ
----Dimensional Metrology Group
----Temperature & Humidity Group
----Remote Sensing Group
----Optical Radiation Group
----Fluid Metrology Group
----Surface and Interface Metrology Group
---Applied Physics Division
----Advanced Microwave Photonics Group
----Spin Electronics Group
----Applied Physics - HQ
----Faint Photonics Group
----Quantitative Nanostructure Characterization Group
----Molecular and Bio-Photonics Group
----Magnetic Imaging Group
----Quantum Nanophotonics Group
----Sources and Detectors Group
---Quantum Measurement Division
----Quantum Optics Group
----Mass and Force Group
----Quantum Measurement - HQ
----Laser Cooling and Trapping Group
----Fundamental Electrical Measurements Group
----Applied Electrical Metrology Group
---Quantum Sensors Division
----Device Fabrication Group
----Long Wavelength Sensors and Applications Group
----Quantum Calorimeters Group
----Quantum Electronics Group
----Quantum Sensors - HQ
---Nanoscale Device Characterization Division
----Atom Scale Device Group
----Nanoscale Device Characterization Division - HQ
----Alternative Computing Group
----Nanoscale Spectroscopy Group
----Advanced Electronics Group
----Quantum Nanoelectronics Group
---Physical Measurement Laboratory Office
----Boulder Microfabrication Facility
----Physical Measurement Laboratory- HQ
----Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology
----Office of Weights and Measures
-Innovation & Industry Services
--Office of Advanced Manufacturing
---Microelectronics Manufacturing Division
----Microelectronics Manufacturing - HQ
----Microelectronics Strategy and Enterprise Group
----Semiconductor Coordination Group
----Semiconductor Operations Group
----Workforce and Equity Development Group
---Office of Advanced Manufacturing
----Office of Advanced Manufacturing - HQ
---Partnerships and Outreach Division
----Communications and Marketing Group
----Education and Workforce Development Group
----Partnership Engagement Group
----Partnerships and Outreach - HQ
----Technology Hubs Development Group
---Program Operations Division
----Competitions Group
----Institute and Program Management Group
----Performance Management Group
----Program Operations - HQ
---Strategy and Planning Division
----Analysis and Benchmarking Group
----Strategic Planning Group
----Strategy and Planning - HQ
--Baldrige Performance Excellence Program
---Baldrige Performance Excellence Program Office
----Award Process Group
----Director's Office, Baldrige Performance Excellence Program
----Administrative Support/Electronic Information Group
----Outreach and Communications Group
----Publications Management Group
----Workforce Development Group
--Innovation & Industry Services
---Associate Director for Innovation & Industry Services
----Associate Director for Innovation & Industry Services - HQ
---Technology Partnerships Office
----Technology Partnerships Office - HQ
--Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program
---National Platforms Division
----National Platforms - HQ
----Network Knowledge Management Group
----Supply Chain Group
---National Programs Division
----National Programs- HQ
---Outreach and External Affairs Division
----Outreach and External Affairs - HQ
---Performance Evaluation and Economic Impacts Division
----Performance Evaluation and Economic Impacts - HQ
----Performance Metrics and Evaluation Group
---Network Agreements Management Division
----Network Agreements Management - HQ
----Node B Group
----Node A Group
---Internal Operations Division
----Internal Operations - HQ
---Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program Office
----Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program - HQ
-Director's Office
--Director's Office
---Communications and Outreach Office
----External Stakeholder Outreach Group
----Media Relations Group
----Video Production Group
----Communications and Outreach - HQ
----Internal Communications Group
----Conference Program and Audiovisual Services Group
----Boulder Outreach Group
----Digital Content & Multimedia Design Group
---Ombuds Office
----Ombuds Office - HQ
---Program Coordination Office
----Program Coordination Office - HQ
---Director's Office
----Director's Office - HQ
---Congressional and Legislative Affairs Office
----Congressional and Legislative Affairs Office - HQ
---Management and Organization Office
----Management and Organization Office- HQ
---International and Academic Affairs Office
----International and Academic Affairs Office - HQ