Publications Invited Talks Contributed Talks
What Can FeS Tell Us About the Iron-Based Superconductors?, Robert Dimeo, A Science Double Feature in Fields Magazine, Fall 2018, October 7, 2018.
Sketchnotes: An Analog Skill in the Digital Age, Robert Dimeo, ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, 46, Issue 3, November, 2016. PDF download (3.3 MB)
Sketchnote summary of "50 Years of Neutron Backscattering Spectroscopy" (4 MB), Dr. Robert Dimeo, to be published in the Journal of Neutron Research (2016). DOI: 10.3233/JNR-160031
Sketchnote Summary of "The Backscattering Story: A Personal View" (2.45 MB PDF) of Anton Heidemann's The Backscattering Story: A Personal View (825 kB PDF), Dr. Robert Dimeo, to be published in the Journal of Neutron Research (2016). DOI: 10.3233/JNR-160030
On Inequality by Harry G. Frankfurt: a sketchnote summary, Robert Dimeo, ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, 46, 6-6 March, 2016.
Wave packet scattering from time-varying potential barriers in one dimension, Robert M. Dimeo, Am. J. Phys., 82, 142 (2014). PDF download (4.3 MB)
The NIST Center for Neutron Research, Robert M. Dimeo, HANARO Report, 71, 18-19 (2013). PDF download (950 kB)
The expansion of the NIST Center for Neutron Research, R. Dimeo, R. Ibberson, S. O'Kelly, D. Neumann, R. Cappelletti, and P. Gehring, Neutron News, 24, 29 (2013).
DAVE: A comprehensive software suite for the reduction, visualization, and analysis of low energy neutron spectroscopic data, R.T.Azuah, L.R.Kneller, Y.Qiu, P.L.W.Tregenna-Piggott, C.M.Brown, J.R.D.Copley, and R.M.Dimeo, J.Res.Natl.Inst.Stan.Technol., 114, 341 (2009). PDF download(3.85 MB)
Simple Quantum Visualizations Using IDL, Rob Dimeo, NIST Special Publication 1098 2009 (2009). PDF download (3.3 MB)
Studies of dynamical layering in adsorbed organic films, A.Diama, M.Simpson, H.Taub, F.Y.Hansen, R.M.Dimeo, D.A.Neumann, K.W.Herwig, and U.G.Volkmann, in Quasi-elastic neutron scattering 2006 (QENS 2006), edited by P.E.Sokol, H.Kaiser, D.Baxter, R.Pynn, D.Bossev, and M.Leuschner (Mater. Res. Soc., Warrendale, PA, 2007), 89-94.
A Comparative study of normal and branched alkane monolayer films of relevance to nanolubrication: II. Dynamics, A.D.Enevoldsen, F.Y.Hansen, A.Diama, H.Taub, R.M.Dimeo, D.A.Neumann, and J.R.D.Copley, J.Chem.Phys. 126, 104703 (2007).
Quasielastic neutron scattering study of diffusive hydrogen motion in ZrBe2H0.56, R.L.Cappelletti, T.J.Udovic, Z.Chowdhuri, B.C.Hauback, A.J.Maeland, and R.M.Dimeo, Physica B 385-386, 208-211 (2006).
Quasielastic neutron scattering study of diffusive hydrogen motion in ZrBe2H0.56, R.L.Cappelletti, T.J.Udovic, R.M.Dimeo, B.C.Hauback, and A.J.Maeland, Phys.Rev.B 73, 224109 (2006).
Rotational dynamics of methyl groups in m-xylene, O.Kirstein, M.Prager, R.M.Dimeo, and A.Desmedt, J.Chem.Phys. 122, 014502 (2005).
Vibrations of Micro-eV Energies in Nanocrystalline Microstructures, A.F.Yue, A.B.Papandrew, O.Delaire, B.Fultz, Z.Chowdhuri, R.M.Dimeo, and D.A.Neumann, 93, 205501 (2004).
Methyl rotational tunneling dynamics of p-xylene confined in a crystalline zeolite host, S. Nair, R.M. Dimeo, D.A. Neumann, A.J. Horsewill, and M.Tsapatsis 121, 4810-4819 (2004).
Dynamics of supercooled water in mesoporous silica matrix MCM-48-S, A. Faraone, L. Liu, C.Y. Mou, P.-C. Shih, C. Brown, J.R.D. Copley, R.M. Dimeo, and S.-H. Chen, European Physical Journal E 12, S59-S62 (2003).
Inelastic neutron scattering of H-2 in xerogel, D.G. Narehood, N. Grube, R.M. Dimeo, D.W. Brown, and P.E. Sokol, J.Low Temp. Phys. 132, 223-237 (2003).
Visualization and measurement of quantum rotational dynamics, R.M.Dimeo, Am. J. Phys. 71, 885-893 (2003).
The high-flux backscattering spectrometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, A. Meyer, R.M.Dimeo, P.M.Gehring, and D.A. Neumann, Rev. Sci. Inst. 74, 2759-2777 (2003).
Incoherent neutron scattering as a probe of the dynamics in molecularly thin polymer films, C.L.Soles, J.F.Douglas, W.-l.Wu, and R.M.Dimeo, Macromolecules 36,373-379 (2003).
Slow diffusion of molecular hydrogen in zeolite 13X, J. DeWall, R.M. Dimeo, and P.E. Sokol, J. Low Temp. Phys. 129, 171 (2002).
High-resolution inelastic neutron scattering from water in mesoporous silica, F.Mansour, R.M.Dimeo, and H.Peemoeller, Phys. Rev. E 66, 041307 (2002).
Pore size dependence of rotational tunneling in confined methyl iodide, R.M.Dimeo, D.A.Neumann, Y.Glanville, and D.B.Minor, Phys. Rev. B 66, 104201 (2002). (PDF-111 kb)
The NIST High Flux Backscattering Spectrometer, R.M.Dimeo, Z.Chowdhuri, A.Meyer, P.M.Gehring, and D.A.Neumann, App. Phys. A. 74 S S311, (2002).
The Effects of Confinement on Rotational Tunneling, R.M.Dimeo and D.A.Neumann, App. Phys. A. 74 S S1382, (2002). (PDF-72 kb)
DAVE: Data Analysis and Visualization Environment, Robert Dimeo, NIST Monthly Highlights, February (2002).
Dynamics of superfluid 4He confined in xerogel glass,C.R.Anderson, K.H.Andersen, W.G.Stirling, P.E.Sokol, and R.M.Dimeo, Phys. Rev. B 65, 174509 (2002).
Incoherent neutron scattering and the dynamics of confined polycarbonate films, C.L.Soles, J.F.Douglas, W.-l.Wu, and R.M.Dimeo, Phys.Rev.Lett. 88,037401-01 (2002).
High resolution measurements of the temperature dependence of the roton energy of superfluid He-4, J.V.Pearce, R.T.Azuah, W.G.Stirling, R.M.Dimeo, P.E.Sokol, and M.A.Adams, J.Low Temp. Phys. 124, (2001).
Characterizing nanoscopic disorder using quantum molecular tops, NIST Monthly Highlights, Robert Dimeo, February (2001).
Correlations of the Boson Peak with Positron Annhilation in a Series of Polycarbonate Copolymers, C.L.Soles, R.M.Dimeo, D.A.Neumann, A.Kisliuk, A.P.Sokolov, J.Liu, A.F.Yee, and W.Wu, Macromolecules 34, 4082 (2001).
Low temperature dynamics of confined methyl iodide, R.M.Dimeo and D.A.Neumann, Phys.Rev. B. 63, 014301 (2001). (PDF-122 kb)
Probing the Dynamics of Confined Systems with the NIST Backscattering Spectrometer, R.M.Dimeo and D.A.Neumann, Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 10, 337, (2000).
Dynamics of Intermediate-Length Alkane Films Adsorbed on Graphite, Herwig,K.W., Fuhrmann,D., Criswell,L., Taub,H., Hansen, F.Y., Dimeo,R., and D.A.Neumann, Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 10, 157, (2000).
Two-dimensional excitations of superfluid He-4 confined in 72% porosity xerogel, Anderson,C.R., Stirling, W.G., Andersen, K.H., Sokol,P.E., Dimeo, R.M., Physica B 276, 820 (2000).
High-resolution measurements of the temperature dependence of the roton energy of superfluid He-4, Pearce, J.V., Azuah, R.T., Stirling, W.G., Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Adams, M.A., Physica B 276, 822 (2000).
Fourier Transform Solution to the Semi-Infinite Resistance Ladder, Dimeo, R.M., Am.J.Phys., 68, 668, (2000). (PDF-46 kb)
High-resolution neutron-scattering study of the roton in confined superfluid Helium-4, Anderson, C.R., Andersen, K.H., Bossy, J., Stirling, W.G., Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Cook, J.C., Brown,D.W.,Phys. Rev. B 59, 13588, (1999).
The Proposed Cold Neutron Irradiation Facility at the Breazeale Reactor, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E. and Carpenter, J.M., Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cold Moderators for Pulsed Neutron Sources, J.M. Carpenter and E.B. Iverson, Editors. A brochure of the Megascience Forum of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris 1999.
Localized Collective Excitations in Superfluid Helium in Vycor, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Stirling, W.G., Anderson, C.R., Adams, M.A., and Andersen, K.H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5860 (1998).
Confinement Effects On Superfluid Helium, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Anderson, C.R., Stirling, W.G., Adams, M.A., J. Low Temp. Phys. 113, 369 (1998).
Confinement effects on the roton in helium, Sokol, P.E., Dimeo, R.M., Brown, D.W., Stirling, W.G., Anderson, C.R., Adams, M.A., and Lee, S.H., Physica B 241-243, 929-934 (1998).
The Momentum Distribution of 3He, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Stirling, W.G., Azuah, R.T., Bennington, S.M., and Guckelsberger, K., Physica B 241-243, 952-954 (1998).
Effects of Disorder on the Collective Excitations in Helium, R.M. Dimeo, P.E. Sokol, D.W. Brown, C.A. Anderson, W.G. Stirling, M.A. Adams, S.H. Lee, C.Rutiser, and S. Komarneni, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5274 (1997).
The Dynamic Physics Virtual Learning Environment, R.M. Dimeo and P.E. Sokol, Phys. Teach. 35(2), 84 (1997).
The Use of a Genetic Algorithm in Power Plant Control System Design, Robert Dimeo and Kwang Y. Lee, Proceedings of the 34th Conference on Decision and Control, December 1995.
Boiler-Turbine Control System Design Using a Genetic Algorithm, Robert Dimeo and Kwang Y. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 10, December, 1995.
Genetics-Based Control of a MIMO Boiler-Turbine Plant, Robert M. Dimeo and Kwang Y. Lee, Proceedings of the 33rd Conference on Decision and Control, December 1994.
Novel Control of an Inverted Pendulum, Robert Dimeo and Stelios C.A. Thomopoulos, Proceedings of the 1994 American Control Conference.
Safety Analysis Report for the Cold Neutron Irradiation Facility, Robert Dimeo and Paul Sokol, Penn State Breazeale Reactor Safequards Committee Report, July 1994.
The one thing I learned as a scientist (...and why you'll love that one thing) (5.65 MB PDF), STEM Keynote for Kemptown Elementary School, April 9, 2018.
Ack! Help! My Brain is Full! (2.2 MB PDF), Introduction to Sketchnotes presented to the NIST Administrative Forum, January 17, 2018.
NCNR Update to staff (5.7 MB PDF), NIST Center for Neutron Research, February 15, 2018.
Status & Developments at the NCNR (6 MB PDF), Presented at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, FR, May 17, 2017.
NCNR Update to staff (5 MB PDF), NIST Center for Neutron Research, January 12, 2017.
NCNR Status and Future Plans (6 MB PDF), DOE BES DMSE Principal Investigators Meeting, Hilton Gaithersburg, December 19, 2016.
Meeting sketchnote (4 MB PDF) of many talks from the conference 50 Years of Neutron Backscattering Spectroscopy, Garching, Germany, September 2-3, 2016.
Sketchnote (2.45 MB PDF) of Anton Heidemann's The Backscattering Story: A Personal View (825 kB PDF), Garching, Germany, September 2-3, 2016.
Neutron Backscattering at NIST, 50 Years of Neutron Backscattering Spectroscopy, Garching, Germany, September 2-3, 2016 (3.2 MB PDF - Sketchnote Presentation).
NCNR Update to the NCNR User Group, American Conference on Neutron Scattering, Long Beach, CA, July 12, 2016 (5 MB PDF).
Sketchnotes: A one page visual summary for just about anything, NIST Information Services Organization Seminar, May 11, 2016 (17 MB PDF).
See Differently with Neutrons at NIST, Department of Commerce's Around the Bureaus Seminar Series, March 15, 2016 (67 MB PDF).
Sketchnotes: A one page visual summary for just about anything, NCNR Condensed Matter Physics Seminar, December 7, 2015 (5 MB PDF).
Sketchnoting and Science, NIST Fundamental Physics Group Lunchtime Seminar, November 10, 2015 (5 MB PDF).
Neutrons at NIST, American Nuclear Society Washington DC Section April 2015 Dinner Meeting, April 15, 2015 (5 MB PDF).
Science with Neutrons at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of Auckland's School of Chemical Sciences Seminar, March 25, 2014 (8 MB PDF).
Wave packet scattering in one dimension: visualizations of transmission and reflection phenomena, NCNR Low-Q Seminar, September 13, 2013 (38 MB PDF).
Isotope uses, demand, and supply at NIST, 1st Workshop on Isotope Federal Supply and Demand, January 11-12, 2012, Bethesda, MD.
NIST User Facilities, National Academies Panel on the Review of Manufacturing-Related Programs at NIST, March 26, 2012 (5.4 MB PDF).
Isotope uses, demand, and supply at NIST, 1st Workshop on Isotope Federal Supply and Demand, January 11-12, 2012, Bethesda, MD.
NCNR: What our users want, Science & Scientists at ESS, July 22-23, 2011, Prague, Czech Republic.
Detectors for Neutron Scattering: Requirements, possible alternatives & international engagement, Detector Technology Working Group & Neutron Scattering Community meeting, August 4, 2010, Germantown, MD.
The NIST Center for Neutron Research, TEDCO Technology Transfer and Commercialization Showcase, Discover and Commercialize Cutting Edge Technologies, NIST, October 6, 2009.
NCNR: A National User Facility, 2nd International Symposium on Material Test Reactors, Idaho Falls, ID, September 28, 2009.
The NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, May 20, 2009.
Simple Quantum Visualizations Using IDL, Visualize 2009, Washington, DC, April 15, 2009. (PDF-4 MB)
Sweatin' the Small Stuff: Visualizations from an Unseen World Using IDL, IDL Users' Group Meeting, Boulder, CO, October 16, 2008.
OSTP Perspectives on NASA's Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation, National Research Council SSB/BPA Assessment Committee meeting, Washington, DC, November 2006.
OSTP Perspectives, Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee meeting, Arlington, VA, October 2006.
OSTP Perspectives, Department of Energy's National Laboratory Iimprovement Council, Washington, DC, July 2006.
A Modest Instrument Proposal, NCNR Expansion Initiative Workshop, Bethesda, MD, July 2006.
Setting Science Priorities, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, June 2006.
The American Competitiveness Initiative, 2006 American Conference on Neutron Scattering, St. Charles, IL, June 2006.
Lessons-Learned from Interagency Coordination-OSTP Update, Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee, Arlington, VA, May 2006.
Scope of the American Competitiveness Initiative, National Research Concil's Board on Physics and Astronomy, Washington, DC April 2006.
OSTP Perspectives on Fusion Research, Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, Germantown, MD, February 2006.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy, Pennsylvania State University Physics Department, February 2006.
OSTP Perspectives on the next Decadal Survey for CMMP, to the Committee to Assess Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Irvine, CA, February 2006.
OSTP Perspectives on RIA, presented to the Rare Isotope Science Assessment Committee, Washington, DC, December 2005.
Research Facilities: A National Policy Perspective, Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Bloomington, IN, November 2005.
Research activities at the NCNR, LEPC/IRSC Meeting, NIST Center for Neutron Research, January 14, 2005.
DAVE-Successful neutron scattering software development through cooperative partnerships, High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge, TN, August 18, 2004.
DAVE-Successful neutron scattering software development through cooperative partnerships, Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN, August 17, 2004.
DAVE-Data Analysis and Visualization Environment, Neutron Science Software Initiative, Oak Ridge, TN, October 13-15, 2003.
Quantum Rotations in Confined Methyl Iodide,12th International Workshop on Quantum Atomic and Molecular Tunneling in Solids, University of Florida, June 22-25, 2003.
The Dynamics of Free and Confined Quantum Tops, Condensed Matter Seminar, Johns Hopkins University, November 20, 2002.
Probing nanoporous materials using cold neutron tunneling spectroscopy, MSEL Nano-Talk, NIST, September 26, 2002.
Quantum Rotations of Confined Methyl Iodide, American Conference on Neutron Scattering, Knoxville, TN, June 23-27, 2002.
The Effects of Confinement on Rotational Tunneling, International Conference on Neutron Scattering, Technische Universitat Munchen, September 13, 2001.
The Dynamics of Free and Confined Quantum Tops, NCNR Seminar, NIST Center for Neutron Research, March 8, 2001.
The Dynamics of Free and Confined Quantum Tops, Condensed Matter Physics Seminar, University of Missouri-Columbia, January 31, 2001.
The Simple Quantum Rotational Dynamics of Bulk and Confined Methyl Iodide, Physics department colloquium, Dickinson College, November 13, 2000.
Low Temperature Quantum Dynamics of Confined Methyl Iodide, Condensed Matter Seminar, The Pennsylvania State University, June 19, 2000.
Confinement Effects On Superfluid Helium, Symposium on Quantum Fluids and Solids, Amherst, MA, June 8-13, 1998.
The Collective Excitations of Superfluid Helium in Aerogel, International Conference on Neutron Scattering, Toronto, Canada, Aug 17-21, 1997.
Neutron Scattering from Superfluid Helium in Aerogel, Physics Department colloquium, Dickinson College, April 28, 1997
DAVE-A comprehensive software package for neutron scattering spectrometers, R.T. Azuah, R.M. Dimeo, S.M. Park, J.R.D. Copley and A. Munter, NOBUGS 2002, Gaithersburg, MD, November 4-6, 2002.
Effect of confinement on rotational tunneling in methyl iodide, R.M.Dimeo and D.A.Neumann., Quantum Atomic and Molecular Tunnelling in Solids Workshop, University of Nottingham, UK, September 7, 2001.
Confinement effects on rotational tunneling, R.M.Dimeo and D.A.Neumann., APS March Meeting, Seattle, WA, Mar 12-16, 2001.
University and Secondary Science Education Collaboration to Achieve Professional Development, Joan E. Mackin, P.E.Sokol, V.Lunetta, D.B.Klindienst, R.Dimeo, AAPT Winter Meeting, San Diego, CA, Jan 6-11, 2001.
Effects of confinement on rotational tunneling in methyl iodide, R.M.Dimeo and D.A.Neumann, 220th ACS National Meeting, Washington, DC, August 20-24, 2000.
A neutron scattering study of hydrogen in zeolite, R.M.Dimeo and P.E.Sokol, P.E., APS March Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, Mar 20-24, 2000.
High resolution measurements of the temperature dependence of the roton energy of superfluid 4He, Jonathan Pearce, Richard Azuah, William Stirling, Mark Adams, Robert Dimeo, and Paul Sokol, APS March Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, Mar 20-24, 2000.
Inelastic neutron scattering of polycarbonate copolymers, Christopher Soles, Robert Dimeo, Jianwei Liu, Alexei Sokolov, Albert Yee, and Wen-Li Wu, APS March Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, Mar 20-34, 2000.
The Collective Excitations of Superfluid Helium in Silica Xerogel, Robert Dimeo, Nathan Grube, David Silva, and Paul Sokol, APS March Meeting, Atlanta, GA, Mar 20-26, 1999.
The Collective Excitations of Confined Superfluid Helium, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Anderson, C.R., Stirling, W.G., Adams, M.A., and Andersen, K.H., APS March Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Mar 16-20, 1998.
The Structure of Helium in Vycor, Sokol, P.E., Kent, T.D., and Dimeo, R.M., APS March Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Mar 16-20, 1998.
Professional Development for Professors and Teaching Assistants in the Dynamic Physics Classes at Penn State. Mackin, J., Sokol, P., Dimeo, R., and Lunetta, V., AAPT Winter Meeting, New Orleans LA, Jan 3-8, 1998.
Physics and Education Collaborative, Mackin, J., Sokol, P., and Dimeo, R., Northeastern Regional AAPT meeting, Pougheepsie, NY, Nov 7-9, 1997.
The Momentum Distribution of 3He, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Stirling, W.G., Azuah, R.T., Bennington, S.M., and Guckelsberger, K., ICNS, Toronto, Canada, Aug 17-21, 1997.
Promoting Understanding of Physics Concepts: Students Learning How to Learn, Mackin, J.E., Sokol, P.E., and Dimeo, R.M., AAPT Summer meeting, Denver, CO, Aug 11-16, 1997.
Dynamic Physics: Creating Equity in the Learning Environment? Mackin, J.E., Sokol, P.E., and Dimeo, R.M., AAPT Summer meeting, Denver, CO, Aug 11-16, 1997.
The Collective Excitations of Superfluid Helium in Aerogel, Sokol, P.E., Dimeo, R.M., Brown, D.W., Stirling, W.G., Anderson, C.R., Adams, M.A., and Lee, S.H., LANSCE User Group Meeting, Los Alamos, NM, Aug 6-8, 1997.
The Momentum Distribution of 3He, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Stirling, W.G., Azuah, R.T., Bennington, S.M., and Guckelsberger, K., APS March Meeting, Kansas City, MO, Mar 17-21, 1997.
The Collective Excitations of Superfluid Helium in Aerogel, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Brown, D.W., Stirling, W.G., Anderson, C.R., Adams, M.A., and Lee, S.H., APS March Meeting, Kansas City, MO, Mar 17-21, 1997.
The Diffusion Constant of Hydrogen Confined in Vycor Glass, Brown, D.W., Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., Andersen, K., Adams, M.A., Stirling, W.G., Fitzgerald, S., APS March Meeting, Kansas City, MO, Mar 17-21, 1997.
Preliminary Findings on Students' Conceptual Understanding in the Dynamic Physics Course at Penn State, Mackin, J., Sokol, P., and Dimeo, R., Joint NJAAPT/SEPS Spring Meeting, Lakewood NJ, March 14-15, 1997.
Physics Extremization Problems Using Excel, Dimeo, R.M. and Sokol, P.E., AAPT Winter Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, Jan 4-9, 1997.
Introducing Perturbation Theory into Introductory Mechanics, Dimeo, R.M. and Sokol, P.E., AAPT Winter Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, Jan 4-9, 1997.
The Dynamic Physics Virtual Learning Environment, Dimeo, R.M. and Sokol, P.E., AAPT Winter Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, Jan 4-9, 1997.
Active Learning Based Physics Course at Penn State, Dimeo, R.M., Sokol, P.E., and Mackin, J.E., AAPT Winter Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, Jan 4-9, 1997.
Novel Control of an Inverted Pendulum, Robert Dimeo and Stelios C.A. Thomopoulos, 1994 American Control Conference, Baltimore, MD.