OSAC Lexicon

Studies the projectile’s initial acceleration and movement inside the firearm.

evaluation of part or all of the forensic process (3.25) when applied to the same or similar items (3.33) and conducted under the same or similar conditions by two or more forensic service providers (3.26). Note 1 to entry: A proficiency test (3.42) is a type of interlaboratory comparison

Numbers in the parenthesis refers to additional terms in the standard.

Also referenced in ANSI/ASTM E3255-21 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of Forensic Science Service Providers Performing Forensic Chemical Analysis, ANSI/ASB 153 Standard Practices for Proficiency Testing for Forensic Toxicology Laboratories and Breath Alcohol Programs, ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science.

A person who takes part in a dialog (Oxford English Dictionary Thumb Edition, 10thEdition, 2002). In Record Type-11, an interlocutor is any speaker in the recording whois not the subject of the ANSI/NIST-ITL transaction. An interlocutor may be the subjectof the record, within the transaction, however.

Conditions such as age, illness, disease, fatigue, emotional state, medication, intoxication by drugs or alcohol etc. that affect the handwriting movement and the resulting writing. (NIST HF)

The accumulation of test data within the laboratory to demonstrate that established parameters, software settings, formulae, algorithms and mathematical functions perform as expected; and that the information/results/data obtained is correct and consistent with expected values.

The accumulation of test data within the laboratory for developing the laboratory standard operating procedures and determining the limits of the method(s). Internal validation demonstrates that the established protocols for the technical steps of the test and for data interpretation perform as expected in the laboratory.

1) In general, the accumulation of test data within the laboratory for developing the laboratory standard operating procedures and demonstrating that the established protocols for the technical steps of the test and for data interpretation perform as expected in the laboratory. 2) In the context of probabilistic genotyping, the accumulation of test data within the laboratory to demonstrate that established parameters, software settings, formulae, algorithms and mathematical functions perform as expected; and that the information/results/data obtained is correct and consistent with expected values.

The accumulation of test data within the laboratory for developing the laboratory standard operating procedures and determining the limits of the method(s). Internal validation demonstrates that the established protocols for the technical steps of the test and for data interpretation perform as expected in the laboratory.

The accumulation and evaluation of test data within the laboratory for developing the laboratory standard operating procedures and demonstrating that the established protocols for the technical steps of the test and for data interpretation perform as expected in the laboratory. The parameters (e.g., any variable that impacts interpretation) included in a test protocol used by the laboratory should be supported by validation studies conducted with samples of known origin similar to the types of samples routinely accepted and tested by the laboratory

The acquisition of test data within the laboratory to verify the functionality of the system, the accuracy of statistical parameters, the appropriateness of analytical and statistical parameters, and the determination of limitations of the system

The accumulation of test data within the laboratory for developing the laboratory standard operating procedures and demonstrating that the established protocols for the technical steps of the test and for data interpretation perform as expected in the laboratory.

International Criminal Police Organization.

A Category 1 scoring function. The score is explainable and has quantifiable meaning.

explanations for the observations and calculations 

NOTE In forensic toxicology, interpretations are considered reported findings.

Explanations for the observations, data, and calculations.

Use of professional judgement to provide conclusions and/or opinions on hypothesis, based on findings and information gathered through the forensic process. (ISO 21043-1:2018)

part of the examination (3.18) that uses professional judgement, logic, expertise, and relevant data and information and, if applicable, statistical models to infer the meaning of observations (3.36) so as to provide opinions (3.37) with respect to questions asked.

Numbers in the parenthesis refers to additional terms in the standard.

Also referenced in ANSI/ASB 040 Standard for Forensic DNA Interpretation and Comparison Protocols, ANSI/ASB 038 Standard for Internal Validation of Forensic DNA Analysis Methods, ANSI/ASB 015-24 Standard for Examining Friction Ridge Impressions, ANSI/ASB Best Practice Recommendation 166 Best Practice Recommendation for Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Impressions, ANSI/ASB 175 Standard for Interpreting, Comparing and Reporting DNA Test Results Associated with Failed Controls and Contamination Events, ANSI/ASB 123 Standard for Routine Internal Evaluation of a Laboratory’s DNA Interpretation and Comparison Protocol, ANSI/ASB Best Practice Recommendation 165 Best Practice Recommendation for Analysis of Friction Ridge Impressions, ANSI/ASB 167 Standard for Reporting Results from Friction Ridge Examinations

The process of evaluating DNA data for purposes including defining assumptions related to mixtures and single source profiles, distinguishing between alleles and artifacts, assessing the possibility of degradation, inhibition, and stochastic effects, and determining whether the data are suitable for comparison.

A qualitative description of the DNA data (e.g., partial data, mixture data).

Occurring among different species.

Between members of different species

In classical conditioning, the time elapsed between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. In habituation, the time between exposures to a stimulus.

A schedule in which reinforcement is delivered on the basis of the amount of time before a response can be reinforced. The interval may be fixed or variable.

Comparison within one or more items purportedly from one source, to determine whether it was prepared by a single source [see common writership (authorship)].

evaluation of part or all of ther forensic process (3.25) when applied to the same or similar items (3.33) and conducted under the same or similar conditions by two or more examiners (3.20) within the same forensic service provider (3.26)

Numbers in the parenthesis refers to additional terms in the standard.

Also reference in ANSI/ASTM E3255-21 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of Forensic Science Service Providers Performing Forensic Chemical Analysis, ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, ANSI/ASB 153 Standard Practices for Proficiency Testing for Forensic Toxicology Laboratories and Breath Alcohol Programs.

Occurring within the same species.

The incorporation of genes of one species into the gene pool of another species as a result of successful hybridization and back crossing.

For the purpose of Chapter 29, the terms site and scene will be jointly referred to as the investigation site, unless the particular context requires the use of one or the other word.

interpretation  guided by observations (3.36) made and aimed at generating explanations or estimations

Note 1 to entry: Investigative interpretation can be used in an investigation or in a judicial setting.

A group of individuals working on behalf of an interested party to conduct an investigation into the incident.

In MS, the ratio of the instrument responses between two previously identified diagnostic ions.

In MS, the ratio of the instrument responses between two previously identified diagnostic ions.

in mass spectrometry, the ratio of the instrument responses between two previously identified diagnostic ions

The physicochemical process of producing a gas-phase ion. In the mass spectrometer this typically occurs within the ion source. Several mechanisms of ionization exist such as chemical and electron ionization.

The physicochemical process of producing a gas-phase ion. In the mass spectrometer this typically occurs within the ion source. Several mechanisms of ionization exist such as chemical and electron ionization.

physicochemical process of producing a gas-phase ion

NOTE This typically occurs within the ion source in the mass spectrometer. Several mechanisms of ionization exist, such as chemical and electron ionization.

International Phonetic Alphabet

Iris Exchange Program. This is a program at NIST in support of iris-based applicationsbased on standardized interoperable iris imagery. See http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/irex.cfm

A thin, colored, approximately circular structure surrounding the pupil of the eye thatcontains features used for identification of individuals.

Not pertinent or applicable to the subject, material, or question being considered. The consideration may be broad (i.e., discipline level) or specific (i.e., task level). (NIST HF)

International Organization for Standardization.

A line on a diagram connecting points of equal char depth.

A method of separating amphoteric molecules with minor differences in isoelectric points (pI). IEF can be used with several different enzyme systems including Phosphoglucose Isomerase (PGI), Erythrocyte Acid Phosphatase (EAP), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) or Tetrazolium Oxidase (TO), Albumin (in conjunction with Western Blot), Mannose Phosphate Isomerase (MPI), Carbonic Anhydrase I (CAI) and Hemoglobin (Hb).

compounds that have the same elemental formula but have different structural configurations and thus different physical and/or chemical properties

Isomers having the same number of each isotopic atom but differing in their positions.