OSAC Lexicon

A family of file formats, often specific to different models of digital imageryequipment, that are not yet processed for storage in a 'printable' image format such asJPEG or TIFF. The file extension '.raw' is only one such format.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

A chemical used to react with another chemical, often to confirm or deny the presence of the second chemical.

A verbal command given to the canine, terminating with the canine returning to the canine handler. The canine's response to return to the canine handler on command.

The recall rate is also known as true positive rate. It is defined as the number (or percentage) of toolmark specimens containing a Known-Match in the test set for which a Known-Match is correctly determined.

The document or other substrate that received indentations, other paper fiber disturbances, or other markings.

A document that is similar in content and structure to a code or standard but that contains only nonmandatory provisions using the word 'should' to indicate recommendations in the body of the text.

Document with observations, statements of results achieved, or evidence of activities performed.

A defined set of fields that contain data as defined in this standard.

The act of converting an acoustic voice signal directly from an individual into a storagemedia, perhaps through contemporaneous, intermediate (transient) signal types. Note:This definition is retained because of its entrenchment in natural language use.Consequently, a record (n) is not recorded, it is created. Transcoding is the term usedfor further processing of the voice signal and any digital or analog representation of thatsignal.

Objective evidence of a condition, result, work performed, activity conducted, and/or quality of asystem or process for archival purposes.

The act of creating a record contained in an ANSI/NIST-ITL transaction.

A record/log in the use of a trained canine team in an operational environment, as opposed to training records. A log constituting a piece of evidence about the past, especially an account of an act or occurrence kept in writing or some other permanent form, i.e., electronic format. (See deployment record or utilization record.)

Over-writing of segments of a voice signal for the purpose of masking speech content ina way that does not disrupt the time record of the original recording.

Data derived from biological specimens of a known individual.

The assembly of data related to a specific identifiable human group comprising all the relevant information to enable dental age assessment.

A reference measurement of a flat surface (e.g., mirror) which includes the errors and opticalaberrations of the measurement system. This data file can be stored and subtracted from allsubsequent measurements.

Material, sufficiently homogenous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which have been established to be fit for intended use in a measurement or in examination of nominal properties

Biological specimens of known identity or data derived from them, or from published sources. Voucher specimens are a subset of reference material (see voucher specimen).

Material, sufficiently homogenous and stable with reference to specified properties, which have been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement or in examination of nominal properties.

Material, sufficiently homogenous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement.

Biological specimens of known identity or data derived from them.

material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process^j

^{j: Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM), International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) (Sèvres, France: International Bureau of Weights and Measures [BIPM]- JCGM 200) available at https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides.}

Biological specimens of known identity or data derived from them, or from published sources. Voucher specimens are a subset of reference material (see voucher specimen).

Biological material obtained from a known individual and collected for the purpose of comparison to evidentiary sample(s).

A detailed investigation and analysis of a specific population to relate chronologic age to dental development and maturation.

A lack of response on the part of the canine, or a declination to accept instruction or direction.

Checking to confirm that changes or new functionality does not unacceptably alter or terminate a desired functionality that behaved correctly before the change was implemented.

This refers to any consequence, positive or negative, of a response that increases the probability of that response. (See immediacy of consequences.)

The rule denoting the number of responses, the interval of time, and/or the duration of the response that will be reinforced.

A return to flaming combustion after apparent but incomplete extinguishment.

The abundance of an ion produced in relation to the abundance of the base peak.

A particular version of a configuration item that is made available for a specific purpose, for example, a test release.

Any product that prevents substrate material from adhering to the cast.

An inert material with a low surface energy, applied to a backing film on the side opposite the adhesive, that provides ease of unwind and prevents delamination or tearing

The extent to which an experiment, test or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials. Low probability of alerting to anything other than a target odor/scent and a high probability of alerting to a target odor/scent. Evidence that establishes a fair probability that a target odor/scent is present. The extent to which a measurement is repeatable and consistent and free from random errors. (See consistency.)

Credibility and trustworthiness of proffered evidence.

Consistency of results as demonstrated by reproducibility or repeatability.

Checking beyond the functional aspects to measure the reliability of the software in the laboratory environment. This includes testing the impact on software performance when utilized by multiuser or multi-site scenarios and verifying network, server, and other applicable resources can handle the application's needs.

Training to work the canine at a distance from the canine handler. A training situation in which an attempt is made to remove the human element from the picture.

Extent of agreement between more than one result determined in the same place, by the same person, on the same equipment, in the same way, at similar times.

Also referenced in ASTM E1732-24ae1 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, ASTM E177-14 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods.

Experiments performed to verify the results of the assay by the same personnel and/or applicable instrumentation.

In disaster applications, three or more barks directed at the same victim that may be interspersed with digging, scratching, or any other attempt to access the victim. The canine may reposition itself while indicating at target location.

See "Reproducibility"

range of concentrations that can be reliably measured by an analytical procedure that will be reported per the Program’s specifications

Extent of agreement between repeated results determined under any combination of different conditions.

Also referenced in ANSI/ASB Technical Report 025, Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions, ASTM E1732-24ae1 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, ASTM E177-14 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods.

Experiments performed to assess the capability to obtain the same test results when an experiment is repeated between different operators and/or detection instruments.

Fundamental knowledge one must have in order to perform a specific task.