June 18, 2021
      
                  
        
  Author(s)
  Miraslau L. Barabash,   William A. Gibby,   Carlo  Guardiani,   Alexander  Smolyanitsky,   Dmitry G. Luchinsky,   Peter V. McClintock
 
       
            
    
    
        In order to permeate a nanopore, an ion must overcome a dehydration energy barrier caused by the redistribution of surrounding water molecules. The redistribution is inhomogeneous, anisotropic and strongly position-dependent, resulting in complex patterns