January 1, 2016
      
                  
        
  Author(s)
  Michael R. Moldover,   Weston L. Tew,   Howard W. Yoon
 
       
            
    
    
        The last 25 years have seen tremendous progress in thermometry in the moderate temperature range (1 K to 1235 K). Various primary thermometers  based on different physics have uncovered errors in the International Temperature Scale of 1990 and set the