Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 12076 - 12100 of 73697

Workshop Report: Research Roadmap for Reducing the Fire Hazard of Materials in the Future

March 8, 2018

Author(s)

Rick D. Davis, Mauro Zammarano, Nathan D. Marsh

NIST hosted workshop, Future Needs for Reducing the Fire Hazard of Materials, provided an opportunity for worlds experts to come together to discuss the challenges associated with reducing the fire hazards of existing and future products that compose the

Evaluated Rate Constants for i-Butane + H and CH3: Shock Tube Experiments with Bayesian Model Optimization

March 7, 2018

Author(s)

Laura A. Mertens, Iftikhar A. Awan, Jeffrey A. Manion

The reactions of i-butane with CH3 and H were investigated with shock tube experiments (870 K to 1130 K and 140 kPa to 360 kPa). Propene and i-butene, measured with GC/FID and MS, were quantified as characteristic of H-abstraction from the primary and

Kinetics of H Atom Addition to Cyclopentene

March 7, 2018

Author(s)

Jeffrey A. Manion, Iftikhar A. Awan

To provide benchmark information needed to develop kinetic models of the combustion and pyrolysis of hydrocarbon ring structures, we have used the single pulse shock tube technique to study the kinetics of H atom addition to cyclopentene at 863 K to 1167 K

Stabilized backward in time explicit marching schemes in the numerical computation of ill-posed time-reversed hyperbolic/parabolic systems

March 7, 2018

Author(s)

Alfred S. Carasso

This paper develops stabilized explicit marching difference schemes that can successfully solve a significant but {\em limited} class of multidimensional, ill-posed, backward in time problems for coupled hyperbolic/parabolic systems associated with

Compressed-liquid Density Measurements of Four Polyol Ester-Based Lubricants

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Stephanie L. Outcalt

A vibrating-tube densimeter has been used to measure compressed-liquid densities of the fluids pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate (PEC5), pentaerythritol tetraheptanoate (PEC7), pentaerythritol tetranonanoate (PEC9), and a commercial lubricant, Royco 899 from

Contactless mobility measurements using two-photon excitation and a terahertz probe

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Jared K. Wahlstrand, Edwin J. Heilweil

Time-dependent THz spectroscopy is widely used for measuring mobility in novel electronic materials, in which the mobility is often adversely affected by defects and unintentional dopants [1]. One of its great advantages over other techniques is that it

Development and Validation of a Mechanism for Flame Propagation in R-32/Air Mixtures

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Donald R. Burgess Jr., Jeffrey A. Manion, Robert R. Burrell, Valeri I. Babushok, Michael Hegetschweiler, Gregory T. Linteris

A mechanism for the combustion of the refrigerant R-32 (CH2F2) in air mixtures was developed and validated through comparisons with measured flame speeds for a range of equivalence ratios (0.9 to 1.4) and pressures (1 to 3 bar) using a constant-volume

Lane Marking Detection via Fast End-to-End Deep Convolutional Neural Network that is our Patch Proposal Network (PPN)

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Yan Tiang, Judith R. Gelernter, Xun Wang, Weigang Chen, Junxiang Gao, Yujie Zhang, Xiaolan Li

Research on Region Convolution Neural Network (R-CNN) has recently witnessed progress in both accuracy and execution efficiency in detecting objects such as faces, hands or pedestrians in photograph or video. Recently, Faster R-CNN modifies the way

Paper in electronic and optoelectronic devices

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Dongheon Ha, Zhiqiang Fang, Nikolai B. Zhitenev

The demand for lightweight, cost-effective, and/or flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices drives research toward new materials advancing the desired functionality or reducing manufacturing costs. Paper, being in addition an earth abundant and

Performance and failure modes of Si anodes patterned with thin-film Ni catalyst islands for water oxidation

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Ke Sun, Nicole L. Ritzert, Jimmy John, Haiyan Tan, William G. Hale, Jingjing Jiang, Kimberly M. Papadantonakis, Thomas P. Moffat, Bruce S. Brunschwig, Nathan S. Lewis

Silicon photoanodes patterned with Ni thin film catalyst islands exhibited stable oxygen evolution for over 240 h of continuous operation in 1.0 mol L-1 KOH(aq) under simulated sunlight conditions. Buried-junction np+-Si(111) photoanodes with an 18.0%

Predicted Burning Velocities of C1 and C2 Hydrofluorocarbon Refrigerant Flames with Air

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Gregory T. Linteris, Valeri I. Babushok

Due to their high global warming potentials, many existing working fluids for heating, cooling and refrigeration equipment will be phased out. Their replacements will be flammable or slightly flammable, and the burning velocity of refrigerant-air mixtures

The NISTmAb Tryptic Peptide Spectral Library for Monoclonal Antibody Characterization

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Qian Dong, Yuxue Liang, Xinjian Yan, Sanford Markey, Yuri Mirokhin, Dmitrii V. Tchekhovskoi, Tallat H. Bukhari, Stephen E. Stein

We describe the creation of a mass spectral library composed of all identifiable spectra derived from the tryptic digest of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. The NISTmAb library is a unique reference peptide spectral library developed from a total of six

Versatile silicon-waveguide supercontinuum for coherent mid-infrared spectroscopy

March 6, 2018

Author(s)

Nima Nader, Daniel Maser, Flavio Caldas da Cruz, Abijith S. Kowligy, Henry R. Timmers, Jeffrey T. Chiles, Connor D. Fredrick, Daron A. Westly, Richard P. Mirin, Jeffrey M. Shainline, Scott A. Diddams

Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for basic and applied science. The rich spectral fingerprints of compounds in the 3 um - 20 um region provide a means to uniquely identify the molecular structure for applications that include fundamental

A Simple Method for Short-Term Mechanical Reliability Predictions for Ceramics in Reactive Environments

March 5, 2018

Author(s)

Robert F. Cook

A method is demonstrated for prediction of ceramic reliability limited by fracture in reactive environments. The simplicity of the method relies on the ceramic displaying ideal indentation- strength behavior and on the applied loading leading to short-term

A Survey of the Advancing Use and Development of Machine Learning in Smart Manufacturing

March 5, 2018

Author(s)

Michael Sharp, Ronay Ak, Thomas D. Hedberg Jr.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are gaining in popularity across entertainment, commerce, and increasingly in industrial settings. The wide applicability and rapid development options of these algorithms are allowing for concepts and

Detection and Quantification of Graphene Family Nanomaterials in the Environment

March 5, 2018

Author(s)

David Goodwin, Adeyemi Adeyele, Li Piin Sung, Kay Ho, Robert Burgess, Elijah Petersen

An increase in production of commercial products containing graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) has led to concern over their release into the environment. The fate and potential ecotoxicological effects of GFNs in the environment are currently unclear

Imaging catalytic CO2 reduction on Cu2O (110) -- A First-Principles study

March 5, 2018

Author(s)

Eric L. Shirley, John T. Vinson, Liang Li, Maria K. Chan, Jeffry Greeley, Jeffrey R. Guest, Rui Zhang

Balancing global energy needs against increasing greenhouse gas emissions requires new methods for efficient CO2 reduction. While photoreduction of CO2 is promising, the rational design of photocatalysts hinges on precise characterization of the surface

Relating the Electrical Resistance of Fresh Concrete to Mixture Proportions

March 5, 2018

Author(s)

K H. Obla, Rongjin Hong, Stuart Sherman, Dale P. Bentz, Scott Jones

Characterization of fresh concrete is critical for assuring the quality of our nation's constructed infrastructure. While fresh concrete arriving at a job site in a ready-mixed concrete truck is typically characterized by measuring temperature, slump, unit

Remote Bias Induced Electrostatic Force Microscopy for Subsurface Imaging

March 5, 2018

Author(s)

Joseph J. Kopanski, Lin You, Yaw S. Obeng

Contrast in electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) depends on the electrostatic force between the tip and sample. In the related technique, scanning Kelvin force microscopy (SKFM), contrast arises from the force due to the capacitance gradient with tip-to

Towards Augmented Reality Interfaces for Human-Robot Interaction in Manufacturing Environments

March 4, 2018

Author(s)

Shelly Bagchi, Jeremy Marvel

As part of the U.S. Department of Commerce, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is examining new approaches to increase the competitiveness of smaller U.S.-based manufacturers. Collaborative robotics is one way to increase automation

Why Interoperability R&D Work Should be Driven by Agile Integration and Message Standards Concerns?

March 3, 2018

Author(s)

Nenad Ivezic, Boonserm Kulvatunyou

Smart Manufacturing assumes agile integration of manufacturing services and applications. This implies that manufacturing message standards, which are key to the services integration, need to be quickly created, used, and managed. That is a far cry from

Influence of Polymer and Ion Solvation on Conformational Properties of Flexible Polyelectrolytes

March 2, 2018

Author(s)

Alexandros Chremos, Jack F. Douglas

The study of the coupling between the conformational properties of a polyelectrolyte chain and the distribution of counter-ions surrounding the chain is important in developing predictive theories for more complex polymer materials such as polyelectrolyte

Intrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum States of Neutrons

March 2, 2018

Author(s)

Ronald L. Cappelletti, Terrence J Jach, John T. Vinson

A recent neutron interferometry experiment attempted to observe the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of neutron de Broglie waves of neutron de Broglie waves using a spiral phase (SPP) (Nature 525, 504 (2015) [1]). Based upon conventional neutron optical

NIST Standards for Measurement, Instrument Calibration, and Quantification of Gaseous Atmospheric Species

March 2, 2018

Author(s)

George C. Rhoderick, Michael E. Kelley, Walter R. Miller Jr., James E. Norris, Jennifer Carney, Lyn Gameson, Christina Cecelski, Cassie Goodman, Abneesh Srivastava, Joseph Hodges

There are many gas species present in the atmosphere that are associated with the earths climate. These compounds absorb and emit radiation, a process which is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The major greenhouse gases in the earths

Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Spintronics

March 2, 2018

Author(s)

Rembert Duine, Kyung Jin Lee, Stuart S. Parkin, Mark D. Stiles

Spintronic and nanomagnetic devices often derive their functionality from layers of different materials and the interfaces between them. This is especially true for synthetic antiferromagnets — two or more ferromagnetic layers aligned in antiparallel

Advanced communications
-Open Radio Access Network (Open-RAN)
-Quantum communications
-Spectrum sharing
-Wireless (RF)
Artificial intelligence
-AI measurement and evaluation
-Autonomous systems
--Automated vehicles
--Autonomous laboratories
-Applied AI
-Fundamental AI
-Hardware for AI
-Machine learning
-Trustworthy and responsible AI
Bioscience
-Bioeconomy
--Biological data
-Bioimaging
-Bioinformatics
-Biomanufacturing
-Biomaterials
-Biometrology
-Biosecurity
--Biosurveillance
--Genomic cybersecurity
--Nucleic acid sequence screening
-Cell measurements
-Engineering / synthetic biology
--Biofabrication
--Cell-free systems
--Genome engineering
--Protein engineering
-Gene delivery systems
-Genome editing
-Genomics
-Glycomics
-Metabolomics
-Microbial measurements
-Proteomics
Buildings and Construction
-Building codes and standards
-Building control systems
-Building damage and repair
-Building economics
-Building materials
-Energy efficiency
-Heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment
-Indoor air quality
-Structural engineering
-Thermal comfort
Chemistry
-Analytical chemistry
-Chemical engineering and processing
-Chemical thermodynamics and chemical properties
-Molecular characterization
-Theoretical chemistry and modeling
-Thermochemical properties
Electronics
-Electromagnetics
-Flexible electronics
-Magnetoelectronics
-Optoelectronics
-Organic electronics
-Semiconductors
-Sensors
-Superconducting electronics
Energy
-Alternative energy
-Conventional energy
-Electric power / smart grid
-Fuels
Environment
-Air / water / soil quality
-Climate Measurements
-Environmental health
-Greenhouse gas measurements
-Marine science
-Sustainability
Fire
-Fire detection
-Fire dynamics and science
-Fire fighting
-Fire modeling
-Fire risk reduction
-Materials flammability
-Structural fire resistance
-Wildland urban interface fire
Forensic Science
-Digital evidence
-Drugs and toxicology
-Firearms and toolmarks
-Forensic biometrics
-Forensic genetics
-Trace evidence
Health
-Biopharmaceuticals
-Cell and gene therapy
-Clinical diagnostics
--Cancer
--Medical imaging
-Food and nutrition
-Human microbiome
-Precision medicine
-Regenerative medicine and advanced therapy
--Flow cytometry
Information technology
-Biometrics
-Cloud computing and virtualization
-Complex systems
-Computational science
-Conformance testing
-Cyber-physical systems
--Smart cities
-Cybersecurity and privacy
--Cryptography
--Cybersecurity education and workforce development
--Cybersecurity measurement
--Identity and access management
--Privacy engineering
--Risk management
--Securing emerging technologies
--Trustworthy networks
--Trustworthy platforms
-Data and informatics
--Human language technology
--Information retrieval
--Natural language processing
-Digital twins
-Federal information processing standards (FIPS)
-Health IT
-Internet of Things (IoT)
-Interoperability testing
-Location based services
-Mobile
-Networking
--Mobile and wireless networking
--Network management and monitoring
--Network modeling and analysis
--Network security and robustness
--Network test and measurement
--Next generation networks
--Protocol design and standardization
--Software defined and virtual networks
-Software research
--Software testing
-Usability and human factors
--Accessibility
-Video analytics
-Virtual / augmented reality
-Visualization research
-Voting systems
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
-Additive manufacturing
-Factory communications
-Factory operations planning and control
-Interoperability in manufacturing
-Machining
-Manufacturing economics
-Manufacturing quality assurance
-Manufacturing systems design and analysis
-Monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics
-Process improvement
-Process measurement and control
-Product data
-Robotics
--Agility and adaptability
--Collaborative robots
--Dexterous grasping
--Manipulation
--Mobility and industrial autonomous vehicles
--Navigation / actuation / control
--Sensing and perception
-Supply chain
-Sustainable manufacturing
-Systems engineering
-Systems integration
-Technology commercialization
Materials
-Ceramics
-Composites
-Concrete / cement
-Materials characterization
--Composition and structure
--Mechanical properties
--Thermal properties
-Metals
-Modeling and computational material science
-Polymers
-Superconductors
Mathematics and statistics
-Experiment design
-Image and signal processing
-Modeling and simulation research
-Numerical methods and software
-Statistical analysis
-Uncertainty quantification
Metrology
-Amount of substance
-Dimensional metrology
-Electrical / electromagnetic metrology
-Flow metrology and rheology
-Force metrology
-Humidity metrology
-Ionizing radiation metrology
-Mass metrology
-Metric
-Optical / photometry / laser metrology
-Pressure and vacuum metrology
-Thermometry metrology
-Time and frequency metrology
-Weights and measures
Nanotechnology
-Nanobiotechnology
-Nanochemistry
-Nanoelectronics
-Nanofabrication / manufacturing
--Lithography
--Self-assembly
-Nanofluidics
-Nanomagnetics
-Nanomaterials
-Nanomechanics
-Nanometrology
-Nanophotonics
-Nanophysics
-Nanoplasmonics
Neutron research
Performance excellence
-Assessment tools and services
-Baldrige award
-Baldrige examiners
-Baldrige Framework and Criteria
-Best practices
-Leadership development
Physics
-Atomic / molecular / quantum
-Biological physics
-Condensed matter
-Electron physics
-Magnetics
-Nuclear physics
-Optical physics and communications
-Quantum information science
-Radiation
-Spectroscopy
-Thermodynamics
-Time and frequency
Public safety
-Chemical / Biological / Radiological / Nuclear / Explosives (CBRNE)
-First responder preparedness
-Law enforcement
-Public safety communications research
-Response robots
Resilience
-Community resilience
--Recovery
--Resilience metrics
-Disaster and failure studies
-Earthquake risk reduction
-Resilience economics
-Resilient materials
-Windstorm impact reduction
Standards
-Accreditation
-Calibration services
-Conformity assessment
-Documentary standards
-Frameworks
-Quality assurance
-Reference data
-Reference instruments
-Reference materials
-Standards education
Technology transfer
Transportation
-Aerospace
-Automotive