December 11, 2016
      
                  
        
  Author(s)
  Wei  Yu,   Hansong  Xu,   Amirshahram  Hematian,   David W.  Griffith,   Nada T.  Golmie
 
       
            
    
    
        The Ultra Dense Network (UDN), as a key enabler for future wireless networks (such as 5G), is comprised of a massive number of small cells in the network. Nonetheless, energy consumption will be non-negligible when a large number of small- cell Base