U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 17001 - 17025 of 73881

Hopper Scales - Selecting the Appropriate Device

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
John W. Barton
The NIST Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) over time have received a number of inquiries regarding the suitability, use, and testing of hopper-type scales. The nature of those inquiries provides some indication that there is a lack of detailed

Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables, Part 4: Atmospheric relative humidity

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Allan H. Harvey, J W. Lovell-Smith, Rainer Feistel, Olaf Hellmuth, Stephanie A. Bell, M Heinonen, J R. Cooper
Water in its three ambient phases plays the central thermodynamic role in the terrestrial climate system. Clouds control Earth’s radiation balance, atmospheric water vapour is the strongest “greenhouse” gas, and non-equilibrium relative humidity at the air

Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables: Oceanic salinity and pH, and atmospheric humidity. Part 1: overview

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Rainer Feistel, Robert Wielgosz, Stephanie A. Bell, M F. Camoes, J R. Cooper, P Dexter, A G. Dickson, P Fisicaro, Allan H. Harvey, M Heinonen, Olaf Hellmuth, H J. Kretzschmar, J W. Lovell-Smith, Trevor J. McDougall, R Pawlowicz, S Seitz, Petra Spitzer, D Stoica, H Wolf, P Ridout
Water in its three ambient phases plays the dominant thermodynamic role for the functioning principles of the terrestrial climate system. Together with clouds, water vapour in the atmosphere is the strongest greenhouse gas (followed by clouds and carbon

Monolithic device for modelocking and stabilization of a frequency comb

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Kevin L. Silverman, Richard P. Mirin, Ari D. Feldman, Todd E. Harvey, Thomas Schibli, Chien-Chung Lee, Yosuke Hayashi
We demonstrate a device that integrates a III-V semiconductor saturable absorber mirror with a graphene electro-optic modulator, which provides a monolithic solution to modelocking and noise suppression in a frequency comb. The device offers a pure loss

Potential Stable Low-Permeation Rate Standard Based on Micro-machined Silicon

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Grady S. White, Adrian Verwolf, Chris M. Poling, Nicholas Barbosa, Nikki S. Rentz
Silicon wafers with micro-machined holes were evaluated for use as low permeation standard artifacts. Accuracy, stability, and reliability were assessed. Two experimental techniques were used: chilled mirror hygrometer and mass loss. The wafers exhibited a

Stopping Malware and Unauthorized Software through Application Whitelisting

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Adam Sedgewick, Murugiah Souppaya, Karen Scarfone, Larry Feldman
This bulletin summarizes the information presented in NIST Special Publication 800-167, "Guide to Application Whitelisting," written by Adam Sedgewick, Murugiah Souppaya and Karen Scarfone. The publication is intended to assist organizations in

Towards a Systematic Threat Modeling Approach for Cyber-physical Systems

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Goncalo Martins, Sajal Bhatia, Xenofon Koutsoukos, Keith A. Stouffer, CheeYee Tang, Rick Candell
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems with seamless integration of physical, computational and networking components. These systems can potentially have an impact on the physical components, hence it is critical to safeguard them against a wide range of

Annual Manufacturing Review

December 14, 2015
Author(s)
Douglas Thomas, Anand M. Kandaswamy
This report provides an overview of the US manufacturing industry. There are three aspects of U.S. manufacturing that are considered: (1) how the US industry compares to other countries, (2) the trends in the domestic industry, and (3) the industry trends

Beam-Scanning for Rapid Coherent Raman Hyperspectral Imaging

December 14, 2015
Author(s)
Seungwan Ryu, Charles Camp, Ying Jin, Marcus T. Cicerone, Young Jong Lee
Coherent Raman imaging requires high peak power laser pulses to maximize the nonlinear multiphoton signal generation, but accompanying photo-induced sample damage often poses a challenge to microscopic imaging studies. We demonstrate that a beam-scanning

Comparative study of methods to measure the density of Cementitious powders

December 14, 2015
Author(s)
Michelle A. Helsel, Chiara F. Ferraris, Dale P. Bentz
The accurate measurement of the density of hydraulic cement plays an essential role in the determination of concrete mixture proportions. As more supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), such as fly ash and slag, or cement replacement materials, such as

High-performing visible-blind photodetectors based on SnO2/CuO nanoheterojunctions

December 14, 2015
Author(s)
Ratan K. Debnath, Ting Xie, MD R. Hasan, Nhan V. Nguyen, Abhishek Motayed
We report on the significant performance enhancement of SnO2 thin film ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) through incorporation of CuO/SnO2 pn nanoscale heterojuctions. The nanoheterojunctions are self-assembled by sputtering Cu clusters that oxidize in

Inventory and Flow Time in the US Manufacturing Industry

December 14, 2015
Author(s)
Douglas Thomas, Anand M. Kandaswamy
Advancements in the efficient use of inputs, such as land and labor, have been a key driver of per capita income growth throughout history. One method for identifying potential efficiency improvements is lean manufacturing or lean production, a set of

Rotational Dynamics of Organic Cations in the CH 3 NH 3 Pbl 3 Perovskite

December 14, 2015
Author(s)
Tianran Chen, Benjamin J. Foley, Bahar NMN Ipek, Madhu Sudan Tyagi, John R. Copley, Craig Brown, Joshua J. Choi, Seunghun Lee Lee
All semiconductors can generate free charges by absorbing light. However, not all semiconductors are high performance photovoltaic materials, because the charge carriers with opposite signs, electrons and holes, quickly annihilate each other. High

Broadband Optical Properties of Graphene by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

December 11, 2015
Author(s)
Wei Li, Nhan Van Nguyen, Guangjun Cheng, Angela R. Hight Walker, David J. Gundlach, Yiran Liang, boyuan Tian, Xuelei Liang, Lian-Mao Peng
The broadband (0.7 eV to 9.0 eV) optical properties of chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) grown graphene are determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The optical absorption follows the fine structure constant in the energy range from 1.0 eV to 2.0 eV, but

Femtosecond synchronization of optical clocks over free-space links

December 11, 2015
Author(s)
Jean-Daniel Deschenes, Laura C. Sinclair, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, William C. Swann, Esther Baumann, Hugo Bergeron, Michael A. Cermak, Nathan R. Newbury
The use of optical clocks/oscillators in future ultra-precise navigation, gravitational sensing, and relativity experiments will require time comparison and synchronization over terrestrial or satellite free-space links. Here we demonstrate full

Magnetic Structure and Exchange Interactions in Quasi-One-Dimensional MnCl 2 (urea) 2

December 11, 2015
Author(s)
Jamie L. Manson, Qingzhen Huang, Craig Brown, Jeffrey W. Lynn, Matthew B. Stone, John Singleton, Fan Xiao
MnCl 2(urea) 2 is a new linear chain coordination polymer that exhibits slightly counter-rotated MnCl 4 rhomboids along the chain-axis. The material crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Iba 2, with each Mn(II) ion equatorially

Novel Cyber Physical System for 3D Imaging of the Small Intestine in Vivo

December 11, 2015
Author(s)
Kamran Sayrafian, Kaveh Pahlavan, Yishuang Geng, David Cave, GUANQUN BAO, LIANG MI, EMMANUEL AGU, ANDREW KARELLAS, VAHID TAROKH
Small intestine is the longest organ in the gastrointestinal tract where much of the digestion and the food absorption take place. Wireless video capsule endoscope (VCE) is the first device taking 2-D pictures from the lesions and the abnormalities in the

An Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Performance Testbed

December 10, 2015
Author(s)
Richard Candell, Timothy A. Zimmerman, Keith A. Stouffer
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a cybersecurity performance testbed for industrial control systems. The goal of the testbed is to measure the performance of industrial control systems (ICS) when instrumented with

Charge transfer stabilization of late transition metal oxide nano-particles on a layered niobate support

December 10, 2015
Author(s)
Megan E. Strayer, Thomas Senftle, Jonathan P. Winterstein, Nella M. Vargas-Barbosa, Renu Sharma, Robert M. Rioux, Michael J. Janik, Thomas Mallouk
The interfacial interactions between late transition metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and oxide supports impact catalysts' activity and stability. Here, we report the use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), electron microscopy and density functional

Comparison of two methodologies for calibrating satellite instruments in the visible and near-infrared

December 10, 2015
Author(s)
Steven W. Brown, Keith R. Lykke, Robert A. Barnes, Bruce Guenther, James J. Butler, Thomas Schwarting, David Moyer, Frank DeLuccia, Christopher Moeller
Traditionally, satellite instruments that measure Earth-reflected solar radiation in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions have been calibrated for radiance responsivity in a two-step method. In the first step, the relative spectral response
Displaying 17001 - 17025 of 73881
Was this page helpful?