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Fire

Wildland urban interface fire

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Displaying 26 - 50 of 122

Experimental Studies on the Heat Flux of Individual Firebrands

March 22, 2023
Author(s)
Amy Mensch, Savannah Wessies, Anthony Hamins, Jiann C. Yang
Every year, thousands of wildfires burn all over the world threatening lives and property in the wildland-urban interface. These wildland-urban interface fires spread by radiation, direct flame contact, or firebrand transport. Firebrand exposures are a

Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch

December 12, 2022
Author(s)
Kathryn Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Marco G. Fernandez, Rachel McIntyre, William Saar, Mariusz Zarzecki, Wei Tang, Eric Auth, Michael Pryor, Colin McLaughlin
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of

Flame spread and combustion dynamics in pine litter under unsteady wind conditions

November 11, 2022
Author(s)
Eric Mueller, Zakary Campbell-Lochrie, Carlos Walker-Ravena, Matt Patterson, Jason Cole, Michael Gallagher, Kenneth Clark, Nicholas Skowronski, Rory Hadden
Understanding flame spread and combustion dynamics in surface fuels is important for both planning and evaluating the impact of prescribed fires. However, prescribed fires tend to be conducted under light and unsteady wind conditions as compared with those

Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch

August 10, 2022
Author(s)
Kathryn Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Marco G. Fernandez, Rachel McIntyre, William Saar, Mariusz Zarzecki, Wei Tang, Eric Auth, Michael Pryor, Colin McLaughlin
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of

Convective heat transfer in pine forest litter beds

July 5, 2022
Author(s)
Eric Mueller, Michael Gallagher, Nicholas Skowronski, Rory Hadden
To properly parameterize physics-based models of wildland fire behavior, it is necessary to understand the magnitude of convective heat transfer in various scenarios. In order to do so, we isolated the convective heating process in an idealized wildland

Wildfire Smoke Impacts on Residential Indoor Air Quality

March 1, 2022
Author(s)
Steven Emmerich, Chrissi Antonopoulos, Patricia Graef, Rick Karg, Brett Singer, Eric Werling
Wildland fires are occurring with increased frequency and intensity throughout many areas of the world and wildfire smoke exposure is becoming a seasonal event in many communities. Increases in property loss, Illness, and mortality are well documented

WUI Structure/Parcel/Community Fire Hazard Mitigation Methodology

March 1, 2022
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Eric Link, Shonali Nazare, Steven Hawks, Jim McDougald, Stephen Quarles, Daniel Gorham
In the last twenty years, wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires have been growing in severity and size. The structures destroyed by WUI fires have devastated entire communities and have cost billions of dollars while significantly impacting the social

The National Institute of Standards and Technology's Impact on Fire Safety Standards

February 1, 2022
Author(s)
Benjamin M. Miller, Tom Latourrette, Drake Warren, David Metz
Standards provide critical benefits across a wide variety of contexts, including safety and health, environmental protection, and quality of products and services. However, while these benefits are generally acknowledged, estimating the social and economic

Firebrands generated in Shurijo Castle Fire on October 30th, 2019

September 14, 2021
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
A fire started in Shurijo Seiden, or the main hall of Shurijo Castle, Naha-city, Okinawa, Japan on the morning of October 30th, 2019. The fire resulted in loss of 8 structures and many important Okinawan cultural assets. The original Shurijo Castle was

Investigating Firebrand Deposition Processes in Large Outdoor Fires

May 27, 2021
Author(s)
Sayaka Suzuki, Samuel Manzello
Devastating large outdoor fires have been responsible for destruction of vast amounts of infrastructure and loss of human life. Wildland fires that spread into urban areas, known as wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, are capable of enormous destruction

The Combustion of Noble-Fir Trees in the Presence of an Applied Wind Field

May 27, 2021
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Wildland fires that spread into urban areas, termed wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, are becoming more and more common across multiple locations of the world. An important component in rapid spread of large outdoor fires is the production or

Optimizing Flame Retardancy and Durability of Melamine-Formaldehyde/Solid-Urban-Waste Composite Panels

February 26, 2021
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Carola Esposito Corcione, Francesca Ferrari, Raffaella Striani, Laura J. Dubrulle, Paolo Visconti, Antonio Greco
In our previous study, an innovative method for sterilization, inertization, and valorization of organic fraction of the municipal solid waste (OFMSW), to be recycled in the production of composite panels, had been developed. In this follow-up work, the

A Perspective on Forest Fuel Bed Ignition by Firebrands

February 19, 2021
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang
A different perspective on forest fuel bed ignition by firebrands is presented to obtain a correlation between the ignition time of a fuel bed by a glowing firebrand and fuel moisture content. A firebrand heating efficiency akin to spray cooling efficiency
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