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The multi-source common-view disciplined clock (MSCVDC) is a recent NIST invention designed to support critical infrastructure timing systems that require a verifiably accurate and fail-safe clock. This paper introduces the MSCVDC, provides a technical
Simon Taylor, Bjorn Johansson, Sumin Jeon, Loo Hay Lee, Peter Lendermann, Guodong Shao
Digital Twins have recently emerged as a major new area of innovation. Digital Twins are often found at the core of "smart" solutions that have also emerged as major areas of innovation. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) approaches create a model of a real
Gabriel Taylor, Anthony D. Putorti Jr., Scott Bareham, Edward Hnetkovsky, Kenneth Hamburger, Nicholas Melly, Mark Henry Salley, Christopher U. Brown, Wai Cheong Tam, Eric Link, Michael Selepak, Philip Deardorff, Kenneth Miller, Paul Clem, Byron Demosthenous, Austin Glover, Chris LaFleur, Raymond Martinez, Anthony Tanbakuchi
This report documents an experimental program designed to investigate High Energy Arcing Fault (HEAF) phenomena for medium voltage electrical switchgear containing aluminum conductors. This report covers full-scale laboratory experiments using
This article discusses the background and motivation of work conducted at NIST to advance first-generation performance-based design procedures in ASCE 41.
Community resilience is a topic of increasing interest in public policy and planning, although effective implementation will require an in-depth theoretical understanding of the concept, as well as the ability to measure changes in resilience over time. In
To gather more in-depth information about how disasters affect businesses and nonprofits, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) launched a study of business disruption and
Maria Dillard, Cath Brooks, Helen Fisher, Hans Pietersen, Alwin Nijhuis, Anita van Breda, Susan Durden
Engagement is an important and necessary part of all planning and decision-making for any infrastructure project. Engagement is included at each step of the natural and nature-based features (NNBF) framework (steps detailed in Chapter 2) because we assume
This paper examines the impact of natural and human-made hazards on payroll, GDP, employment, and establishment survival/creation in the year of hazard occurrence in the U.S. economy and more specifically in the U.S. manufacturing/goods producing industry
Juan Fung, David Butry, Siamak Sattar, Steven McCabe
This article presents the current state-of-practice with respect to quantifying the total cost to retrofit an existing building. In particular, we combine quantitative, qualitative, and heuristic data to provide a taxonomy for understanding the direct and
Jennifer Helgeson, Juan Fung, Alfredo Roa Henriquez, Ariela Zycherman, Payam Aminpour Mohammadabadi, Claudia Nierenberg, David Butry, Donna Ramkissoon
In 2020, there were 22 natural disasters with losses exceeding $1 billion each in the US (NOAA NCEI, 2021). Economic effects on the areas impacted directly were significant; Swiss Re estimated insured losses to be $83 billion, making 2020 the fifth
Yating Zhang, Juan Fung, Katherine Johnson, Siamak Sattar
This article reviews the current state of practice in seismic risk mitigation, focusing on policies in ten of the most earthquake-prone countries around the world. In particular, the review compares policies to retrofit existing buildings and mechanisms
Elaina Sutley, Maria Dillard, John W. van de Lindt
In early October 2016 Hurricane Matthew crossed North Carolina as a category 1 storm with some areas receiving 15-18 inches of rainfall on already saturated soil. The NIST-funded Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning (Center) teamed with
Ronald S. Ross, Victoria Pillitteri, Gary Guissanie, Ryan Wagner, Richard Graubart, Deborah Bodeau
The protection of Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) resident in nonfederal systems and organizations is of paramount importance to federal agencies and can directly impact the ability of the Federal Government to successfully conduct its essential
Heather Evans, Kristen K. Greene, William M. Healy, Elizabeth Hoffman, Kate Rimmer, Anna V. Sberegaeva, Neil M. Zimmerman
The 2020 National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan provides an analysis of key external factors that could impact NIST and the fulfillment of its mission in coming years. The analyses were conducted through four separate lenses
Juan F. Fung, Siamak Sattar, David Butry, Steven L. McCabe
Aging building clusters all around the world, especially in high seismic regions, will require a retrofit approach to improve the resilience of the built environment. One of the main challenges of retrofitting existing buildings is the associated cost
Juan F. Fung, Jennifer F. Helgeson, David H. Webb, Cheyney M. O'Fallon, Harvey Cutler
Cedar Rapids, IA, offers a unique case study in planning for increased resilience. In 2008, Cedar Rapids experienced severe flooding. Rather than simply rebuilding, the city of Cedar Rapids began to invest in a resilient flood control system and in the
Reliable analytical and empirical models of the force-deformation parameters used to characterize the nonlinear behavior of masonry infill panels are essential to simulating the seismic response of the masonry-infilled reinforced concrete and steel frame
Juan F. Fung, Siamak Sattar, David T. Butry, Steven L. McCabe
This paper presents a methodology for estimating seismic retrofit costs from historical data. In particular, historical retrofit cost data from FEMA 156 is used to build a predictive model to estimate retrofit costs as a function of building
Ronald S. Ross, Victoria Y. Pillitteri, Richard Graubart, Deborah Bodeau, Rosalie McQuaid
This publication is used in conjunction with ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, Systems and software engineering--Systems life cycle processes, NIST Special Publication 800-160, Volume 1, Systems Security Engineering--Considerations for a Multidisciplinary Approach