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Physics

Time & frequency

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Displaying 26 - 50 of 167

Dissemination of UTC(NIST) over 20 km of commercial optical fiber with active phase stabilization

May 2, 2024
Author(s)
Jacob VanArsdale, Matthew J. Deutch, Michael A. Lombardi, Glenn Nelson, Jeffrey Sherman, James Spicer, William Yates, Dylan Yost, Samuel Brewer
We demonstrate the transfer of a cesium frequency standard steered to UTC(NIST) over 20 km of dark telecom optical fiber. Our dissemination scheme uses an active stabilization technique with a phase-locked voltage-controlled oscillator. Out-of-loop

Tunable X-band opto-electronic synthesizer with ultralow phase noise

March 29, 2024
Author(s)
Igor Kudelin, Pedram Shirmohammadi, William Groman, Samin Hanifi, Megan Kelleher, Dahyeon Lee, Takuma Nakamura, Charles McLemore, Steven Bowers, Franklyn Quinlan, Scott Diddams
Microwave signals with low phase noise in the X-band (8-12 GHz) are essential for widespread technologies and important scientific developments. Photonic techniques, such as optical frequency division (OFD), leverage the high spectral purity of low-noise

Low-noise microwave generation with an air-gap optical reference cavity

January 30, 2024
Author(s)
Yifan Liu, Dahyeon Lee, Takuma Nakamura, Naijun Jin, Haotian Cheng, Megan Kelleher, Charles McLemore, Igor Kudelin, William Groman, Scott Diddams, Peter Rakich, Franklyn Quinlan
We demonstrate a high finesse, microfabricated mirror-based, air-gap cavity with volume less than 1 ml, constructed in an array, that can support low-noise microwave generation through optical frequency division. We use the air-gap cavity in conjunction

Visible to Ultraviolet Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Nanophotonic Waveguides

January 15, 2024
Author(s)
Tsung Han Wu, Luis Ledezma, Connor Fredrick, Pooja Sekhar, Ryoto Sekine, Quishi Guo, Ryan Briggs, Alireza Marandi, Scott Diddams
The introduction of nonlinear nanophotonic devices to the field of optical frequency comb metrology has enabled new opportunities for low-power and chip-integrated clocks, high-precision frequency synthesis, and broad bandwidth spectroscopy. However, most

Threshold and Laser Conversion in Nanostructured-Resonator Parametric Oscillators

January 10, 2024
Author(s)
Haixin Liu, Grant Brodnik, Jizhao Zang, David Carlson, Jennifer Black, Scott Papp
We explore optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in nanophotonic resonators, enabling arbitrary, nonlinear phase matching and nearly lossless control of energy conversion. Such pristine OPO laser converters are determined by nonlinear light-matter

Kerr-induced synchronization of a cavity soliton to an optical reference

December 13, 2023
Author(s)
Gregory Moille, Jordan Stone, Michal J. Chojnacky, Curtis Menyuk, Kartik Srinivasan
The phase-coherent frequency division of a stabilized optical reference laser to the microwave domain is made possible by optical-frequency combs (OFCs). OFC-based clockworks lock one comb tooth to a reference laser, which probes a stable atomic transition

Statistics for quantifying aging in time transfer system delays

November 10, 2023
Author(s)
Tom Parker, Roger Brown, Jeffrey Sherman
The time delays in time transfer systems such as Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT), or GPS carrier phase (GPSCP) change over time. A double difference such as TWSTFT – GPSCP provides information on the changes in the relative time

Next-Generation Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks

October 16, 2023
Author(s)
John Kitching, Matthew Hummon, William McGehee, Ying-Ju Wang, Susan Schima
We describe work toward the development of next-generation chip-scale atomic clocks, which combine small size, low power consumption and manufacturability with high frequency stability. The use of optical transitions in microfabricated vapor cells improves

Quantum-limited optical time transfer for future geosynchronous links

June 21, 2023
Author(s)
Emily Caldwell, Jean-Daniel Deschenes, Jennifer Ellis, William C. Swann, Benjamin Stuhl, Hugo Bergeron, Nathan R. Newbury, Laura Sinclair
The combination of optical time transfer and optical clocks opens up the possibility of large-scale free-space networks that connect both ground-based optical clocks and future space-based optical clocks. Such networks promise better tests of general

A chip-scale atomic beam clock

June 13, 2023
Author(s)
Gabriela Martinez, Chao Li, Alexander Staron, John Kitching, Chandra Raman, William McGehee
We demonstrate a passively pumped, chip-scale atomic beam clock fabricated using a stack of silicon and glass wafers. The device could additionally serve as a platform for compact atom interferometers and other future quantum sensors.

NIST Time and Frequency Bulletin

April 4, 2023
Author(s)
Kelsey Rodriguez
The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.

Integrating planar photonics for multi-beam generation and atomic clock packaging on chip

April 3, 2023
Author(s)
Chad Ropp, Wenqi Zhu, Alexander Yulaev, Daron Westly, Gregory Simelgor, Akash Rakholia, William Lunden, Dan Sheredy, Martin Boyd, Scott Papp, Amit Agrawal, Vladimir Aksyuk
The commercialization of atomic technologies requires replacing laboratory-scale laser setups with compact and manufacturable optical platforms. Complex arrangements of free-space beams can be generated on chip through a combination of integrated photonics

Synchronization and Coexistence in Quantum networks

March 27, 2023
Author(s)
Ivan Burenkov, Alexandra Semionova, FNU Hala, Thomas Gerrits, Anouar Rahmouni, DJ Anand, Ya-Shian Li-Baboud, Oliver T. Slattery, Abdella Battou, Sergey Polyakov
We investigate the coexistence of clock synchronization protocols with quantum signals in a common single-mode optical fiber. By measuring optical noise between 1500 nm to 1620 nm we demonstrate a potential for up to 100 quantum DWDM channels coexisting

Compact, Portable, Thermal-Noise-Limited Optical Cavity with Low Acceleration Sensitivity

March 23, 2023
Author(s)
Megan Kelleher, Charles McLemore, Dahyeon Lee, Josue Davila-Rodriguez, Scott Diddams, Franklyn Quinlan
We develop and demonstrate a compact (less than 6 mL) portable Fabry-Pérot optical reference cavity. A laser locked to the cavity is thermal noise limited at 2 × 10−14 fractional frequency stability. Broadband feedback control with an electro-optic

Measuring the Frequency Accuracy and Stability of WWV and WWVH

March 1, 2023
Author(s)
Michael A. Lombardi
Radio station WWV, famous for the "at the tone ...." announcements broadcast at the top of each minute, is known to shortwave listeners and radio amateurs worldwide as a trusted source of accurate time. However, you might not know that the original purpose

Measuring the Timing Accuracy of Satellite Time and Location (STL) Receivers

January 23, 2023
Author(s)
Peter Johnson, Andrew Novick, Michael A. Lombardi
We present measurements of the timing accuracy and stability of Satellite Time and Location (STL) receivers with respect to UTC(NIST), the coordinated universal time scale (UTC) operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). STL is

Microfabricated strontium atomic vapor cells

January 5, 2023
Author(s)
Jacob Pate, John Kitching, Matthew Hummon
We demonstrate strontium (Sr) atomic vapor cells having a total external volume of 0.63 cm3 that can operate above 300 °C for times exceeding 380 h. The cells are fabricated using micromachined silicon frames anodically bonded to glass windows that have a

Optical Atomic Clock aboard an Earth-orbiting Space Station (OACESS): Enhancing searches for physics beyond the standard model in space

November 18, 2022
Author(s)
Vladimir Schkolnik, Dmitry Budker, Oliver Farttman, Victor Flambaum, Leo Hollberg, Tigran Kalaydzhyan, Shimon Kolkowitz, Markus Krutzik, Andrew Ludlow, Nathan R. Newbury, Christopher Pyrlik, Laura Sinclair, Yevgeny Stadnik, Ingmari Tietje, Jun Ye, Jason Williams
We present a concept for a high-precision optical atomic clock (OAC) operating on an Earth-orbiting space station. This pathfinder science mission will compare the space-based OAC with one or more ultra-stable terrestrial OACs to search for space-time
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