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Diagnostics for geometric performance of machine tool linear axes

April 29, 2016

Author(s)

Gregory W. Vogl, M A. Donmez, Andreas Archenti

Machine tools degrade during operations, yet knowledge of degradation is elusive; accurately detecting degradation of linear axes is mainly a manual and time-consuming process. Thus, manufacturers need automated and efficient methods to diagnose the

Synchrotron X-Ray Microbeam Diffraction Measurements of Full Elastic Long Range Internal Strain and Stress Tensors in Commercial-Purity Aluminum Processed by Multiple Passes of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing

April 23, 2016

Author(s)

Thien Q. Phan, Lyle E. Levine, I-Fang Lee, Jonathan Z. Tischler, Ruqing Xu, Yi Huang, Terrance G. Langdon, Michael E. Kassner

Synchrotron X-ray microbeam diffraction was used to measure the full elastic long range internal strain and stress tensors of low dislocation density regions within the submicrometer grain/subgrain structure of equal-channel angular pressed (ECAP) AA1050

Field Sampling Procedures for Fuel and Motor Oil Quality Testing, A Handbook for Use by Fuel and Oil Quality Regulatory Officials

April 20, 2016

Author(s)

Linda D. Crown, David A. Sefcik, Lisa Warfield, Kenneth S. Butcher

Fuel and motor oil quality programs are implemented to provide an official presence in the marketplace to verify that sellers of engine fuels and motor oils have control systems in place to ensure the products they sell conform to the quality

In situ observations of Berkovich indentation induced phase transitions in crystalline silicon films

April 19, 2016

Author(s)

Yvonne B. Gerbig, Chris A. Michaels, Robert F. Cook

The pressure induced phase transitions of crystalline Si films was studied in situ under a Berkovich probe using the Raman spectroscopy-enhanced instrumented indentation technique. The observations suggested strain and time as important parameters in the

Engineered metal nanoparticles in the sub-nanomolar levels kill cancer cells

April 18, 2016

Author(s)

Yasmine C. Daniels, William A. MacCrehan, Shinichiro Muramoto, Gheorghe NMN Stan, Vitaly Vodyanoy, Oleg Pustovyy

Zinc and copper metal nanoparticles were produced from bulk metal rods by an underwater high-voltage discharge method. The metal nanoparticles, with estimated diameters of 1 nm to 2 nm, were determined to be more than 85 % non-oxidized. Exposure of rat RG2

Methods for characterizing a radiation detector for specifying radiation fields during testing against standards for homeland security applications

April 15, 2016

Author(s)

Anne L. Sallaska, Leticia Pibida, Ronaldo Minniti, C M. O'Brien

A wide variability exists among commercial radiation detection instruments used to measure exposure rate or ambient dose equivalent rate. These instruments are used to measure both the radiation background and radioactive sources strengths to determine the

Characterization of a self-calibrating, high-precision, stacked-stage, vertical dual-axis goniometer

April 11, 2016

Author(s)

Marcus H. Mendenhall, Albert Henins, Donald A. Windover, James P. Cline

We present details on the alignment and calibration of a goniometer assembly consisting two stacked, optically encoded, vertical axis rotation stages. A technique for its calibration is presented that utilizes a stable, uncalibrated, third stage to

Towards Establishing Compact Imaging Spectrometer Standards

March 31, 2016

Author(s)

David W. Allen, Elmer T. Slonecker, Ronald G. Resmini

Remote sensing science is currently undergoing a tremendous expansion in the area of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology. Spurred largely by the explosive growth of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), sometimes called Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), or

Optimizing noise for defect analysis with through-focus scanning optical microscopy

March 25, 2016

Author(s)

Ravikiran Attota, John A. Kramar

"Measurement and Marketing: Considerations When Determining the Method of Sale for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

March 24, 2016

Author(s)

Juana S. Williams

This article was developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) and originally titled Measurement and Marketing: Considerations when Determining the Method of Sale (MOS) for Liquefied Natural Gas

On the role of experimental imperfections in constructing 1H spin diffusion NMR plots for domain size measurements

March 24, 2016

Author(s)

Ryan C. Nieuwendaal

We discuss the precision of 1D chemical-shift-based 1H spin diffusion NMR experiments as well as straightforward experimental protocols for reducing errors. The 1H spin diffusion NMR experiments described herein are useful on samples that contain

Virtual rough samples to test 3D nanometer-scale SEM stereo photogrammetry

March 22, 2016

Author(s)

John S. Villarrubia, Vipin N. Tondare, Andras Vladar

The combination of SEM for high spatial resolution, images from multiple angles to provide 3D information, and commercially available stereo photogrammetry software for 3D reconstruction offers promise for dimensional metrology in 3D. A method is described

Centroid and Orientation Precision of Localization Microscopy

March 11, 2016

Author(s)

Craig D. McGray, Craig R. Copeland, Samuel M. Stavis, Jon C. Geist

The concept of localization precision, which is essential to localization microscopy, is formally extended from optical point sources to microscopic rigid bodies. Measurement functions are presented to calculate the planar position, orientation, and motion

Comparison of UV-Induced Inactivation and RNA Damage in MS2 Phage across the Germicidal UV Spectrum

March 11, 2016

Author(s)

Sara E. Beck, Roberto A. Rodriguez, Karl G. Linden, Thomas M. Hargy, Thomas C. Larason, Michael A. Hawkins

Polychromatic UV irradiation is a common method of pathogen inactivation in the water treatment industry. To improve its disinfection efficacy, more information on the mechanisms of UV inactivation on microorganisms at wavelengths throughout the germicidal

Comparison of Tritiated-Water Standards by Liquid Scintillation for Calibration of a New Standard Reference Material

March 5, 2016

Author(s)

Ronald Colle, Lizbeth Laureano-Perez, Denis E. Bergeron

A new National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tritiated-water (3H-labeled oxidane) standard was prepared and calibrated. It is the 17th in a series of linked standards since 1954 and will be disseminated as Standard Reference Material SRM

A Review and Survey of Metrology Outreach Efforts in Post-Secondary Education

March 1, 2016

Author(s)

Georgia L. Harris, Maria Isabel Pena

The paper presents a brief history and background of metrology outreach efforts to colleges and universities. It also includes a summary of a 2015 international educational survey used in part to assess colleges and universities that have measurement

Low-Ohmic Resistance Comparison: Measurement Capabilities and Resistor Traveling Behavior

March 1, 2016

Author(s)

Marlin E. Kraft, Randolph E. Elmquist, Gert Rietveld, Jan van der Beek, Alessandro Mortara, Beat Jeckelmann

The low-ohmic resistance measurement capabilities of the Van Swinden Laboratorium, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Federal Office of Metrology (METAS) were compared using a set of resistors with values 100 mΩ, 10 mΩ, 1 mΩ, and 100

Method Validation and Standards in Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

March 1, 2016

Author(s)

Jeffrey W. Hudgens, Richard Y. Huang, Emma D'Ambro

The chapter examines method validation and measurement standards for measuring protein dynamics by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Topics examined include the rationale for a reference measurement system for HDX-MS, attaining high accuracy

Optimization of Registration Performance Metrics

February 25, 2016

Author(s)

Marek Franaszek, Geraldine Cheok

Perception systems are a very important component of automation and robotics. These systems localize objects in its local coordinate frame and the data has to be available for use in another coordinate frame. This requires that the data be transformed from

Acoustic and microwave tests in a cylindrical cavity for acoustic gas thermometry at high temperature

February 22, 2016

Author(s)

K. Zhang, X.J. Feng, Keith A. Gillis, Michael R. Moldover, Jintao Zhang, Hong Lin, Jifeng Qu

Relative primary acoustic gas thermometry determines the ratios of thermodynamic temperatures from measured ratios of acoustic and microwave resonance frequencies in a gas-filled metal cavity on isotherms of interest. When measured in a cavity with known

Cross-Industry Standard Test Method Developments - from Manufacturing to Wearable Robots

February 20, 2016

Author(s)

Roger V. Bostelman, Elena R. Messina, Sebti Foufou

Manufacturing robotics are moving towards human-robot collaboration with light duty robots being used side-by-side with workers. Similarly, exoskeletons that are both passive (spring and counterbalance forces) and active (motor forces) are worn by humans

Seeing through walls at the nanoscale: microwave microscopy of enclosed objects and processes in liquids

February 11, 2016

Author(s)

Alexander Tselev, Jeyavel Velmurugan, Anton Ievlev, Sergei Kalinin, Andrei Kolmakov

Noninvasive in situ nanoscale imaging in liquid environments is a current imperative in analysis of delicate bio-medical objects and electrochemical processes at reactive liquid-solid interfaces. Microwaves of a few gigahertz frequency offer photons of

A Review of NIST Projects in Surface and Topography Metrology for Firearm Evidence Identification in Forensic Science

February 10, 2016

Author(s)

Jun-Feng Song, Xianping Liu

This is a review of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) efforts in surface metrology and topography measurements for firearm evidence identifications in forensic science. Based on the research projects in surface metrology and

Coil motion effects in watt balances: a theoretical check

February 10, 2016

Author(s)

Stephan Schlamminger, Shisong Li, Darine El Haddad, Frank C. Seifert, Leon S. Chao, Jon R. Pratt

A watt balance is a precision apparatus for the measurement of the Planck constant that has been proposed as a primary method for realizing the unit of mass in a revised International System of Units. In contrast to an ampere balance, which was

Impact of and correction for instrument sensitivity drift on nanoparticle size measurements by single-particle ICP-MS

February 8, 2016

Author(s)

Hind El Hadri, Elijah Petersen, Michael R. Winchester

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are already incorporated into numerous consumer products, and increasing product applications are expected in future years. To enable an understanding of potential risks associated with these products, it is important to