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Metrology

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Displaying 401 - 425 of 2714

Disordered Heterogeneous Materials

July 1, 2019
Author(s)
Andrew J. Allen
This chapter describes the use of diffraction-based methods to characterize amorphous or disordered heterogeneous materials. Quantitative materials microstructure characterization using small-angle scattering methods is emphasized. While these techniques

Calibration Procedures for Weights and Measures Laboratories

May 29, 2019
Author(s)
Georgia L. Harris
This publication contains standard operating procedures for calibrations that were not previously published in other NIST Office of Weights and Measures publications and are included here in support of weights and measures laboratory program requirements

Accelerated Weathering Parameters for Some Aromatic Engineering Thermoplastics

May 24, 2019
Author(s)
Li Piin Sung, James E. Pickett, Olga Kuvshinnikova, Brett Ermi
Samples of polycarbonate (PC), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), a PC/PBT blend, and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), all containing 3 % TiO2 (by mass), were exposed in the NIST (National Institutes of Standards and Technology) SPHERE (Simulated

Identification of machine tool squareness errors via inertial measurements

May 14, 2019
Author(s)
Karoly Szipka, Andreas Archenti, Gregory W. Vogl, Alkan Donmez
The accuracy of multi-axis machine tools is affected to a large extent by the behaviour of the system's axes and their error sources. In this paper, a novel methodology using circular inertial measurements quantifies changes in squareness between two axes

An open resource for accurately benchmarking small variant and reference calls

April 1, 2019
Author(s)
Justin M. Zook, Jennifer H. McDaniel, Marc L. Salit, Nathanael D. Olson, Justin M. Wagner
Benchmark small variant calls are required for developing, optimizing and assessing the performance of sequencing and bioinformatics methods. Here, as part of the Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) Consortium, we apply a reproducible, cloud-based pipeline to

Multi-Energy X-Ray Tomography of an Optical Fiber: The Role of Spatial Averaging

March 14, 2019
Author(s)
Zachary H. Levine, Adele P. Peskin, Edward J. Garboczi, Andrew Holmgren
Using a commercial X-ray tomography instrument, we have obtained reconstructions of a graded-index optical fiber with voxels of edge length 1.05 µm at 12 tube voltages. The fiber manufacturer created a graded index in the central region by varying the

ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING

March 12, 2019
Author(s)
Vladimir P. Oleshko
This article describes electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or in a scanning transmission electron

Label-Free Detection of Conformational Changes in Switchable DNA Nanostructures with Microwave Microfluidics

March 12, 2019
Author(s)
Angela C. Stelson, Minghui Lu, Charles A. Little, Christian J. Long, Nathan D. Orloff, Nicolas Stephanopolous, James C. Booth
Detection of conformational changes in biomolecular assemblies provides critical information into biological and self-assembly processes. State-of-the-art in situ conformation detection techniques rely on fluorescent labels or protein-specific binding

Switchable detector array scheme to reduce the effect of single-photon detector's deadtime in a multi-bit/photon quantum link

February 25, 2019
Author(s)
Cong Liu, YONGXIONG Ren, Jiapeng Zhao, MOHAMMAD MIRHOSSEINI, SEYED RAFSANJANI, GUODONG XIE, Kai Pang, Zhe Zhao, Long Li, Joshua Bienfang, Alan L. Migdall, Todd Brun, Moshe Tur, Robert Boyd, Alan Wilner
We explore the use of a switchable single-photon detector (SPD) array to reduce the effect of individual SPDs' deadtime for a multi-bit/photon quantum link such as M-orbital-angular-momentum (OAM)-encoded one. Our method uses 􀡺 SPDs with a controllable 􀡹 ×

Defining 'kind of quantity'

February 8, 2019
Author(s)
David W. Flater
The definition of 'kind of quantity' given in the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), 3rd edition, does not cover the historical meaning of the term as it is most commonly used in metrology. Most of its historical meaning has been merged into

Understanding Material Characteristics through Signature Traits from He Pycnometry

January 30, 2019
Author(s)
Huong Giang T. Nguyen, Jarod C. Horn, Matthew Bleakney, Daniel W. Siderius, Laura Espinal
Although helium pycnometry is generally the method of choice for skeletal density measurements of porous materials, few studies have provided a wide range of case studies that demonstrate how to best interpret raw data and perform measurements using it

Frequently Asked Questions About Commercial Hydrogen Vehicle Refueling

December 28, 2018
Author(s)
Juana S. Williams
"Commonly asked questions about hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEV) and hydrogen fuel availability, technology, safety; and the legal metrology requirements and terminology applicable to hydrogen fuel quality, measuring equipment, method of sale

EMC and Metrology Challenges for 5G and Beyond

December 7, 2018
Author(s)
Perry F. Wilson, Catherine A. Remley, William F. Young, Camillo A. Gentile, John M. Ladbury, Dylan F. Williams
The potential to connect people and devices anywhere and anytime is driving the development and deployment of a multitude of wireless systems. Wireless connectivity is central to advanced communication technologies, the internet of things (IoT), the smart
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