An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
The number and types of sensors used to monitor additive manufacturing (AM) processes and parts in real time are growing. The emerging digital twins (DTs) associated with the data collected by those sensors and the functions that use that data as inputs
Portlandite (calcium hydroxide: CH: Ca(OH)2) suspensions aggregate spontaneously and form percolated fractal aggregate networks when dispersed in water. As a result, the yield stress and viscosity of portlandite suspensions diverge at low particle loadings
Thermoset composites are excellent candidates for material extrusion because they shear thin during extrusion but retain their shape once deposited via a yield stress. However, thermal post-curing is often required to solidify these materials, which can
Data formats play an integral role in leveraging the flexibility of additive manufacturing and achieving consistent part quality. This article compares and contrasts data formats optimized for design, materials, processes, and inspection methods. It also
Edward Garboczi, Newell Moser, Samantha Webster, Kornel Ehmann, Jian Cao, Kamel Fezzaa, Tao Sun
Material manufactured by laser, powder-blown directed energy deposition often contains residual pores, which can be detrimental to the strength and fatigue life of a part. We uncover a new kind of pore formation that is driven by powder particle impact
Minxiang Zeng, Yipu Du, Nicholas Kempf, Miles Bimrose, Jiahao Chen, Dylan Kirsch, Joshua B. Martin, Bowen Zhang, Tatsunori Hayashi, Mortaza Saeidi-Javash, Hirotaka Sakaue, Babak Anasori, Michael McMurtrey, Yanliang Zhang
The development of new materials and their compositional and microstructural optimization are essential in regard to next-generation technologies such as clean energy and environmental sustainability. However, materials discovery and optimization have been
Jordan Weaver, Alec Schlenoff, David Deisenroth, Shawn P. Moylan
Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the influence of the non-uniform gas speed across the build area on the melt pool depth during laser powder bed fusion. The study focuses on whether non-uniform gas speed is a source of process variation within an
Maxwell R. Praniewicz, Jason Fox, Lucas Fournet-Fayard, Charles Cayron, Imade Koutiri, Anne-Francoise Obaton
The geometrical qualification of additively manufactured lattice structures has largely focused on the measurement of strut diameter, form variations, and surface texture. However, the exterior surfaces of the lattice structure, defined through theoretical
Felix Kim, Sarah Robinson, Nikolai Klimov, John Henry J. Scott
Various micro and nano-manufacturing techniques were investigated to create controlled flaws for X-ray computed tomography (XCT) phantoms. We explored the use of focused ion beam (FIB), laser micromachining, and projection photolithography with deep
Hyunwoong Ko, Zhuo Yang, Yande Ndiaye, Paul Witherell, Yan Lu
Data analytics with Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers high potential to continuously transform AM data to newfound knowledge of Process-Structure-Property (PSP) relationships. In AM, however, realizing the potential is still
Eoin McAleer, M Alazzawi, C Hwang, Jacob LaManna, David Jacobson, R.A. Haber, E. Koray Akdogan
Stereolithography of ceramics remains one of the most powerful additive manufacturing routes for the creation of intricate ceramic parts. Despites its strength as a forming tool, ceramic stereolithography requires a challenging debinding stage due to the
Thomas Kolibaba, Callie Higgins, Zack Buck, Dash Weeks, Jason Killgore
Photopolymer additive manufacturing has become the subject of widespread interest in recent years due to its capacity to enable fabrication of difficult geometries that are impossible to build with traditional modes of manufacturing. The flammability of
Hans-Henrik Konig, Niklas Hollander Pettersson, A Durga, Steven Van Petegem, Daniel Grolimund, Qilin Guo, Chihpin Chuang, lianyi Chen, Christos Oikonomou, Fan Zhang, Greta Lindwall
Solidification during fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) is characterized by high solidification velocities and high thermal gradients, two factors that control the solidification mode of AM metals and alloys. Using two synchrotron-based, in situ
Efe Balta, Michael Pease, James Moyne, Kira Barton, Dawn Tilbury
Smart manufacturing (SM) systems utilize run-time data to improve productivity via intelligent decision-making and analysis mechanisms on both machine and system levels. The increased adoption of cyber-physical systems in SM leads to the comprehensive
Nicholas Derimow, Elisabeth Mansfield, Jason Holm, Nik Hrabe
Thermogravimetric analysis of Ti-6Al-4V powders (virgin Grade 5 and a once used Grade 23) was conducted up to 800 C in an industrial grade Ar environment. A standard starting particle size distribution (PSD) for electron beam powder-bed fusion (PBF-EB)
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), assemblies of oppositely charged polymers with powerful properties and wide-ranging applications, are currently not melt-processable via any conventional means and have been limited commercially to applications only as
Ward L. Johnson, Jake Benzing, Orion Kafka, Newell Moser, Derek Harris, Jeremy Iten, Nik Hrabe
Acoustic nonlinearity and loss are found to be positively correlated with porosity at industrially relevant levels of less than half a percent in commercially pure aluminum produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) with several different power levels
Benjamin Caplins, Callie Higgins, Thomas Kolibaba, Uwe Arp, C Cameron Miller, Dianne L. Poster, Clarence Zarobila, Yuqin Zong, Jason Killgore
Vat photopolymerization (VP) is a rapidly growing category of additive manufacturing. As VP methods mature the expectation is that the quality of printed parts will be highly reproducible. At present, detailed characterization of the light engines used in
Mehdi Naderi, Jordan Weaver, David Deisenroth, Nagaraja Iyyer, Raymond McCauley
In additive manufacturing, the part quality is highly dependent on process parameters. The morphology of the melt pool (depth and width) is highly affected by process parameter selection. Available scaling laws more or less overestimate or underestimate
Recent research shows how a side-channel attack on a material extrusion-based 3D printing process can bypass encryption-based defenses to obtain proprietary design information. This result has critical implications for outsourced additive manufacturing (AM
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a powerful technology that can create complex metallic parts and has the potential to improve the economic bottom line for various industries. However, due to process instabilities, and the resulting material defects that
Jaehyuk Kim, Yan Lu, Zhuo Yang, Hyunwoong Ko, Dongmin Shin, Yosep Oh
Real-time monitoring for Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes can greatly benefit from spatial-temporal modeling using deep learning. However, existing, deep-learning approaches in AM are case-dependent, and therefore not robust to changes of control
Fahad Milaat, Paul Witherell, Martin Hardwick, Ho Yeung, Vincenzo Ferrero, Laetitia Monnier, Matthew Brown
Powder bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that uses powerful beams to fuse powder material into layers of scanned patterns, thus producing parts with great geometric complexity. For PBF, process parameters, environmental control
Zhuo Yang, Brandon Lane, Yan Lu, Ho Yeung, Jaehyuk Kim, Yande Ndiaye, Sundar Krishnamurty
Cooling rate is a decisive index to characterize melt pool solidification and determine local microstructure formation in metal powder bed fusion processes. Traditional methods to estimate the cooling rate include in-situ temperature measurement and
Maxwell R. Praniewicz, Jason Fox, Christopher Saldana
Dimensional qualification of additive manufacturing (AM) components is a continuing research problem. Different measurement techniques implemented on the same feature can yield different measurement results. While this can also be true for components made