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Manufacturing

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Displaying 176 - 200 of 2174

Models for an Ultraviolet-C Research and Development Consortium

March 25, 2022
Author(s)
Dianne L. Poster, C Cameron Miller, Yaw S. Obeng, John J. Kasianowicz, Michael T. Postek, Norman Horn, Troy Cowan, Richard Martinello
The development of an international, precompetitive, collaborative, ultraviolet (UV) research consortium is discussed as an opportunity to lay the groundwork for a new UV commercial industry and the supply chain to support this industry. History has

Protecting Information and System Integrity in Industrial Control System Environments: Cybersecurity for the Manufacturing Sector

March 16, 2022
Author(s)
Michael Powell, Michael Pease, Keith A. Stouffer, CheeYee Tang, Timothy Zimmerman, Chelsea Dean, Kangmin Zheng, John Hoyt, Mary Raguso, Joseph Brule, Aslam Sherule, Matthew Zopf
Today's manufacturing organizations rely on industrial control systems (ICS) to conduct their operations. Increasingly, ICS are facing more frequent, sophisticated cyber attacks—making manufacturing the second-most-targeted industry. Cyber attacks against

Design and Testing of Wireless Motion Gauges for Two Collaborative Robot Arms

March 11, 2022
Author(s)
Yong Sik Kim, Nicholas G. Dagalakis, Jeremy Marvel, Geraldine S. Cheok
Most existing robot performance evaluation methods focus on single robotic arms performing independent motion tasks. In this paper, a motion gauge is proposed to evaluate the symmetrical coordinated-motion performance between two robotic arms. For this

Refocusing the Barriers to Sustainability for Small and Medium Manufacturers

February 14, 2022
Author(s)
Xavier R. Escoto, Demsas Gebrehewot, KC Morris
Sustainable manufacturing practices are a necessary component of sustainable development. Current practices in a linear economy—produce, consume, discard—will not be sufficient to sustain humanity over the long term. At the same time manufacturing is

Visualizing Standardized Model-based Design and Inspection Data in Augmented Reality

February 7, 2022
Author(s)
Teodor Vernica, Robert R. Lipman, Thomas Kramer, Soonjo Kwon, William Z. Bernstein
Augmented reality (AR) technologies present immense potential for the design and manufacturing communities. However, coordinating traditional engineering data representations into AR systems without loss of context and information remains a challenge. A

Agile Industrial Robots

January 24, 2022
Author(s)
Craig I. Schlenoff, William P. Shackleford, Zeid Kootbally, Brian Antonishek, Frederick M. Proctor, Thomas Kramer, William Harrison, Anthony Downs
In this chapter, we explore existing robot agility research efforts, while focusing on key technologies that help to enable agility, such as the ones mentioned in the preceding paragraphs. In particular, we will look at perception, knowledge representation

Quantitative Determination of Cell Viability Using Absorbance Microscopy

January 19, 2022
Author(s)
Greta Babakhanova, Stephen Zimmerman, Laura Pierce, Sumona Sarkar, Nicholas Schaub, Carl Simon Jr.
Cell viability is an essential measurement for cell therapy products. One of the most common tests is Trypan blue (TB) dye exclusion where blue-stained cells are counted via imaging. Typically, live and dead cells are counted based on pixel intensities of

A Fundamental Equation of State for Vinyl Chloride

January 10, 2022
Author(s)
Monika Thol, Florian Fenkl, Eric W. Lemmon
A fundamental equation of state in terms of the Helmholtz energy is presented for vinyl chloride. Due to its fundamental nature, it can be used to consistently calculate all thermodynamic state properties in the fluid region. Based on the underlying

In situ absorption synchrotron measurements, predictive modeling, microstructural analysis, and scanning probe measurements of laser melted Ti-6Al-4V single tracks for additive manufacturing applications

December 29, 2021
Author(s)
Nicholas Derimow, Edwin Schwalbach, Jake Benzing, Jason Killgore, Aly Artusio-Glimpse, Nik Hrabe, Brian Simonds
In this work, the fundamental processing-structure-property (PSP) relationships that govern laser-based additive manufacturing were investigated with the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. X-ray synchrotron imaging carried out in conjunction with in-situ integrating sphere

BUILDING A DIGITAL TWIN FOR ROBOT WORKCELL PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

December 15, 2021
Author(s)
Deogratias Kibira, Guodong Shao, Brian A. Weiss
The application of robot workcells increases the efficiency and cost effectiveness of manufacturing systems. However, during operation, robots naturally degrade leading to performance deterioration. Monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics (collectively

Circular Economy in the High-Tech World Workshop Report

December 14, 2021
Author(s)
Martin L. Green, Kelsea Schumacher
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) held a Technical Workshop on January 27 and 28, 2021 to assess the state and challenges of a Circular Economy (CE) in the High-Tech World. Scientists, researchers, and program managers in the CE

Experiments to Test the A-UGV Capabilities Standard

December 8, 2021
Author(s)
Soocheol Yoon, Roger V. Bostelman, Ann Virts
Automatic, Automated, or Autonomous - Unmanned Ground Vehicles (A-UGVs), as referred to by ASTM International Committee F45, are industrial vehicles that have capabilities to navigate, dock, avoid obstacles, and interact with other vehicles and systems all

A Data Integration Framework for Additive Manufacturing Big Data Management

December 7, 2021
Author(s)
Milica Perisic, Dimitrije Milenkovic, Yan Lu, Albert T. Jones, Nenad Ivezic, Boonserm Kulvatunyou
Large amounts of data are generated throughout the entire, AM, part-development lifecycle. Data are generated by various functions within process monitoring, material characterization, equipment status, and part qualification. Hence, data integration and

Sintered powder oxidation variation as a function of build height for titanium alloy produced by electron beam powder-bed fusion

November 26, 2021
Author(s)
Nicholas Derimow, Alejandro Romero, Aldo Rubio, Cesar Terrazas, Francisco Medina, Ryan Wicker, Nik Hrabe
It is well-established that titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) powder oxidizes during electron beam powder-bed fusion (PBF-EB) due to the high background temperatures resulting from layer preheating and sintering of the powder bed before melting. However, it is
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