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The thermodynamics of oxides, carbonates, halides and related metal compounds involved in extinguishment by dry chemicals and metal agents has been analyzed. It is shown that lattice energies play an important role in determining the extinguishment
D W. Stroup, Laurean A. DeLauter, J Lee, G Roadarmel
A series of fire tests were conducted to characterize the potential hazard from ignition of men's suits hanging on racks. The fire test scenario was selected as part of a fire investigation being conducted by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Bureau of
D W. Stroup, Laurean A. DeLauter, J Lee, G Roadarmel
A series of fire tests were conducted to characterize the potential hazard from ignition of an upholstered chair. The particular chair was selected as part of a fire investigation being conducted by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Bureau of Alcohol
William M. Pitts, Jiann Yang, Rodney Bryant, L G. Blevins
The use of halons for fire fighting is being phased out due to their deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone. This paper describes the findings of part of a study designed to characterize and identify super-effective thermal fire-fighting agents as
William M. Pitts, E Braun, Richard D. Peacock, Henri E. Mitler, Erik L. Johnsson, Paul A. Reneke, L G. Blevins
Temperature measurements have been made for natural-gas and heptane fires in a reduced-scale enclosure using a variety of bare-bead and aspirated thermocouples in order to characterize the uncertainties. The focus is the role of radiative heat transfer and
Selected functional parts from a sports coupe were subjected to a gas: flame ignition source and burned in a manner that allowed measurement of the resulting total heat release rate and heat fluxes to the surroundings. This is the second part of a study
Y Sivathanu, Anthony P. Hamins, George W. Mulholland, Takashi Kashiwagi, R Buch
The optical properties of particulate emitted from fires burning two distinct polydimethylsiloxane fluids (D4 and M2 or MM, where D=(CH3)2SiO and M=(CH3)3SiO2) were obtained using a transmission cell-reciprocal nephelometer in conjunction with gravimetric
A combined theoretical and experimental study is made of the effect that concentration and ionic speciation have on the apparent diffusion coefficient is performed using a nonreactive porous material in a diffusion apparatus. Varying the ionic species
The design of concrete with specified properties for an application is not a new science, but it has taken on a new meaning with the wide use of high performance concretes. The following properties are related to fresh concrete: ease of placement and
Joannie W. Chin, Walter E. Byrd, E Embree, Jonathan W. Martin
The primary method for obtaining laboratory weathering data for a wide range of commercial polymer products including coatings, textiles, elastomers, plastics and polymeric composites is through the use of ultraviolet radiation exposure chambers (UV
A D. Hixson, L Y. Woo, M A. Campo, T Mason, Edward Garboczi
Electrical property measurements (DC conductivity, impedance spectroscopy) were employed to determine the intrinsic conductivities of short conductive fibers in cement matrix composites. Intrinsic conductivity determines the variation of overall
Mark R. VanLandingham, Tinh Nguyen, Walter E. Byrd, Jonathan W. Martin
The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to monitor changes in surface features of an acrylic melamine polymeric coating that was exposed to a variety of weathering conditions. A technique was developed such that, upon periodic removal from the
D W. Stroup, Laurean A. DeLauter, James J. Lee, G Roadarmel
Two fire tests were conducted using a passenger minivan. The fire test scenarios were selected as part of a fire investigation being conducted by the U.S. Department of Treasury s Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. Heat release rate was determined
On September 10, 2001 an informal workshop was held in Oakland, California to discuss the applicability of seismic rehabilitation technologies to enhance the resistance of buildings to progressive collapse in the event of loss of primary load-carrying
When materials are burning in the presence of a continuous, external energy source, they are often more difficult to extinguish and may require an increase in suppression agent to extinguish the fire. This situation could exist for class C fires involving
It has been proposed previously that the formation factor, in conjunction with the self-diffusion coefficient, can be used to determine the apparent diffusion coefficient. Strictly speaking,this application is incorrect. The formation factor is equal to
To understand the freeze-thaw properties of hardened concrete, the air void system must be characterized. Studies of the stereological and statistical properties of entrained air voids in concrete have often involved a number of steps: sample preparation
The Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory(VCCTL) consortium was formed in January of 2001. Headquartered in the Building and Fire ResearchLaboratory at the National Institute of Standardsand Technology (NIST), the consortium currentlyconsists of
The Forum for International Cooperation on Fire Research, FORUM, was established about 14 years ago as an informal organization to provide a means for sharing on mutual issues and needs, communication, and cooperation among the world's leaders of fire
ALARM, Alternative Life Safety Analysis for Retrofit Cost Minimization, is a software tool that helps prison facility managers and fire safety engineers achieve cost-effective compliance with the widely-used Life Safety Code of the National Fire Protection
Validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions for spray combustion application has been a challenging task due to difficulties in both modeling and experimental measurements. However, validation is considered to be an essential exercise for
For more than one hundred years, the continuous theme underlying the NBS / NIST staff contribution to the crystallography of building materials has been the development of an improved understanding of concrete materials performance. These efforts serve to