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Fire

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Displaying 1601 - 1625 of 3904

Visual Evidence, Damage Estimates, and Timeline Analysis (Chapters 1-8) Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-5A)

December 1, 2005
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Kathryn M. Butler, Valentine Junker
This report summarizes the collection and analysis of visual material used for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) World Trade Center (WTC) Investigation. The task consisted of four major subtasks: 1) identification, collection, data

What a User Should Know When Selecting an Evacuation Model.

December 1, 2005
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve M. Gwynne
In recent years, evacuation models have been increasingly applied in an attempt to understand the outcome of emergency egress scenarios. This has been due to the increased use of performance-based design and the availability of cost-effective, high

Ignition of Vegetation and Mulch by Firebrands in Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) Fires.

November 13, 2005
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Thomas G. Cleary, John R. Shields, Jiann C. Yang
Firebrands or embers are produced as trees and structures burn in wildland/urban interface (WUI) fires. Hot firebrands ultimately come to rest and may ignite fuels far removed from the fire, resulting in fire spread. It is believed that firebrand showers

Use of Visual Imagery for the NIST World Trade Center Investigation

November 13, 2005
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Kathryn M. Butler, Valentine Junker
The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City on September 11, 2001 by terrorists flying hijacked commercial aircraft into the two towers (WTC 1 and WTC 2) was among the worst building disasters in the history of the United States. In

Rheology Measurement of Fresh concrete With a Mixing Truck

November 2, 2005
Author(s)
S Amziane, Chiara C. Ferraris, E Koehler
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the workability of fresh portland cement concrete while it is still in the mixing truck by determining fundamental rheological parameters (plastic viscosity and yield stress). Nine concrete mixtures with

Characterization of Candle Flames

November 1, 2005
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Matthew F. Bundy, Scott E. Dillon
Common household open flame and radiant ignition sources are the actual or suspected cause for many fires. The purpose of this research is to identify the burning behavior and properties of common candles in order to provide additional tools for use by

Characterization of Candles Flames as Ignition Sources

November 1, 2005
Author(s)
Scott E. Dillon, Anthony Hamins, Matthew Bundy
Common household open flame and radiant ignition sources are the actual or suspected cause for many fires. Because of their popular use, fire investigators have identified candles as one of the most important of these ignition sources. In spite of this

Secure Messaging in BACnet

November 1, 2005
Author(s)
David G. Holmberg
A proposal for BACnet secure messaging is nearing public release by the BACnet standard committee (ASHRAE SSPC-135). The proposal adds a level of BACnet specific security to existing IT security, extending the BACnet standard to offer basic security using

Cross-Property Correlations and Permeability Estimation in Sandstone

October 26, 2005
Author(s)
C H. Arns, M A. Knackstedt, Nicos Martys
Results from a numerical study examining the cross-property correlations linking fluid permeability to conductive properties and to a number of pore size parameters based on 3D digitized images of sedimentary rock are presented. In particular we focus on

Dissipation of Oxygen From Outward Leak of Closed Circuit Breathing Device

October 18, 2005
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Rodney A. Bryant, J G. Kovac
Closed circuit breathing devices recycle exhaled air after scrubbing carbon dioxide and adding make-up oxygen from a tank of pure oxygen. Use of this equipment allows first responders to work for up to four hours without swapping out cylinders

Basis for Appropriate Safety Levels for Tall Buildings.

October 16, 2005
Author(s)
Richard W. Bukowski
Safety levels are a public policy decision made by regulators and not the technical community. It is appropriate for the technical community to suggest technical justification for safety levels, performance levels that can be achieved, and their associated
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