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Fire

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Displaying 876 - 900 of 3901

Firebrand Generation Data Obtained from a Full Scale Structure Burn

July 27, 2012
Author(s)
Sayaka S. Suzuki, Samuel Manzello, Matthew Lage, George Laing
A full scale, proof-of-concept experiment was conducted to investigate firebrand production from a burning structure. In this experiment, NIST researchers were invited to set up instrumentation during a structure burn down. As the structure burned

VOC emissions from a LIFE reference: small chamber tests and factorial studies

June 28, 2012
Author(s)
Wenjuan Wei, Sylvester M. Greer, Cynthia H. Reed, Andrew K. Persily, Yinping Zhang
A liquid-inner tube diffusion-film-emission (LIFE) reference was developed to quickly evaluate the performance of a chamber system for furniture/building material VOC emission tests. The reference has a constant emission rate determined by an analytical

Certification of SRM 2492: Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements

June 7, 2012
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, Paul E. Stutzman, William F. Guthrie
Rheological measurements are often performed using a rotational rheometer. In this type of rheometer, the tested fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which is rotating [1]. Usually, the angular velocity is imposed and the response of the material

Proposed General Approach to Fire-Safety Scenarios

May 29, 2012
Author(s)
Amanda P. Robbins, Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve M. Gwynne
A systematic approach to the identification of fire-safety scenarios for analysis is desirable in order to identify important scenarios and to help ensure a consistent approach for different analysts. The number of possible fire-safety scenarios in any

Investigation Plan - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Investigation of Building and Emergency Communications System Performance in the Joplin, Missouri, Tornado of May 22, 2011

May 24, 2012
Author(s)
Marc L. Levitan, Long T. Phan, Erica D. Kuligowski, Franklin T. Lombardo, David P. Jorgensen
Following the May 22, 2011 tornado that devastated the City of Joplin, NIST sent four engineers to Missouri on May 24 through May 28 to conduct a preliminary reconnaissance. Based on analysis of the data collected and other criteria required by law and

Image-based 3D Mapping of Rebar Location for Automated Assessment of Safe Drilling Areas Prior to Placing Embedments in Concrete Bridge Decks

May 23, 2012
Author(s)
Mani Golparvar-Fard, Behshad Ghadimi, Kamel Saidi, Geraldine Cheok, Marek Franaszek, Robert R. Lipman
This paper presents a new image-based approach for 3D mapping the locations of the rebar and embedded components in a railway bridge deck prior to placement of concrete. Our approach enables practitioners to quickly and automatically identify where the

Building Occupant Safety Research 2012

May 17, 2012
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Erica D. Kuligowski, Jason D. Averill
Historically, building egress systems have evolved in response to specific large loss incidents. Currently, systems are designed around a concept of providing stair capacity for the largest occupant load floor in the building with little or no

Indoor Air Quality in Sustainable, Energy Efficient Buildings

May 15, 2012
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich
Building designers, contractors, owners and managers have long been challenged with providing quality indoor environments at a reasonable energy cost. Current efforts to improve building energy efficiency, including goals of sustainability and net-zero

Concrete rheometers

May 1, 2012
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, Nicos Martys
The scope of this chapter is to introduce the current technology for measuring the rheological properties of concrete. The need to evaluate or assess the flow properties of concrete has resulted in the invention or design and standardization of hundreds of

Characterizing Heat Release Rate Transients

April 26, 2012
Author(s)
Rodney A. Bryant, Erik L. Johnsson, George W. Mulholland
A series of experiments was performed to characterize the time response of a large-scale open calorimeter to square-wave pulses in terms of peak heat release rate, width of the peak, and conservation of energy. Quantitative heat release rate measurements

Cross-sectional stability of structural steel at elevated temperatures

April 19, 2012
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister, Mina S. Seif
There is a lack of understanding of how structural systems perform under realistic, uncontrolled fires. Current specifications for the design of steel structures in the US do not include fire effects as part of structural design. Instead, fire protection

Strategic Roadmap for Fire Risk Reduction in Buildings and Communities

April 18, 2012
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Jason D. Averill, Richard G. Gann, Nelson P. Bryner, Rick D. Davis, David T. Butry, Alexander Maranghides, Jiann C. Yang, Daniel M. Madrzykowski, Matthew F. Bundy, Samuel L. Manzello, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Francine K. Amon, William E. Mell
The burden of fire on the U.S. economy continues to be large, comprising approximately $280 billion annually, or 2 percent of GDP. Over the last 30 years, civilian fire deaths and injuries have decreased due to the efforts of many people and organizations

Char Forming Behavior of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Treated with Glycidyl Phenyl POSS

April 15, 2012
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Jieun Lee, Mauro Zammarano, Dimi Katsoulis, Donald V. Eldred, Luke Haverhals, Paul C. Trulove, Hugh C. De Long, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Cellulose-reinforced composites have received much attention due to their structural reinforcing, light weight, biodegradable, non-toxic, low cost and recyclable characteristics. However, the tendency for cellulose to aggregate and its poor dispersion in

Flexible polyurethane foam with well characterized and reproducible smoldering

March 24, 2012
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Rick D. Davis, Roland H. Kraemer
Smoldering is a self-sustaining heterogeneous oxidation reaction that induces a slow, low temperature, flameless combustion.1 Flexible polyurethane foams (PUF) are particularly prone to smoldering due to their high air permeability and low density. In this

Assessment of Factors Affecting Fire Performance of Mattresses: A Review

March 20, 2012
Author(s)
Shonali Nazare, Rick D. Davis
An in-depth analysis of U.S. residential fire statistics shows that although the total number of fires and deaths due to mattress fires has dropped as a result of several regulatory approaches, the number of deaths per 1000 mattress/bedding fires has
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