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Generalized State Relationships for Scalar Properties in Nonpremixed Hydrocarbon/Air Flames

January 1, 1990

Author(s)

Y. R. Sivathanu, G M. Faeth

Generalized state-relationship correlations giving the mass fractions of major gas species (N2, 02, fuel, CO2, H20, CO, and H2) and temperature as functions of local fuel-equivalence ratios were studied for hydrocarbon-air diffusion flames. The data base

Visualization of Nucleate Flow Boiling for an R22/R114 Mixture and Its Components

January 1, 1990

Author(s)

Mark A. Kedzierski, David Didion

Visualization of bubble nucleation during forced-convective flow inside a horizontal, electrically heated quartz tube was done in order to establish a comparison of this phenomenon between refrigerant mixtures and their pure components. The specific

Carbon Monoxide Production and Prediction (NISTIR 4449)

October 19, 1989

Author(s)

William M. Pitts

A long-term research plan has been formulated which is designed to improve the understanding of and predictive capability for the formation of carbon monoxide in enclosure fires. The current understanding of the problem is briefly discussed. Goals

EVSIM: An Evaporator Simulation Model Accounting for Refrigerant and One Dimensional Air Distribution (NISTIR 89-4133)

August 1, 1989

Author(s)

Piotr A. Domanski

The report describes a computer model, EVSIM, of a refrigerant-to-air heat exchanger of the type used in residential air conditioning as an evaporator. The model provides performance predictions of a one-slab or two-slab evaporator for a given refrigerant

An Experimental Investigation and Modeling of the Flow Rate of Refrigerant 22 Through the Short Tube Restrictor (NISTIR 89-4120)

July 1, 1989

Author(s)

D. A. Aaron, Piotr A. Domanski

Refrigerant 22 flow through short tube restrictors was investigated. The analysis pertained to initially subcooled refrigerant flowing through short tubes with 5 L/D 20. The flow conditions studied were those typically found in heat pumps. Flow

Example Cases for the HAZARD I Fire Hazard Assessment Method. Volume 3. Final Report (NIST HB-146/III)

June 1, 1989

Author(s)

Richard W. Bukowski, Richard D. Peacock, Walter W. Jones, C. L. Forney

This report describes the first version of a method for predicting the hazards to occupants involved in a building fire. To implement the method, a personal computer software package called HAZARD I is provided. The software consists of modules which can

Thermodynamic and Heat Transfer Implications of Working Fluid Mixtures in Rankine Cycles

June 1, 1989

Author(s)

R Radermacher

The theme of this article is to demonstrate the mutual influence of working fluid properties on the performance of Rankine cycles, heat transfer, and cycle variations. The limitations imposed on the traditional Rankine cycle inherent to the thermodynamics

Physical Properties of Alternatives to the Fully Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons

May 16, 1989

Author(s)

Mark O. McLinden

The properties of nine halogenated hydrocarbons are collected from a variety of sources, including unpublished data. These data are evaluated and correlated. Considered are the triple point, normal boiling point, and critical point parameters and the

Technical Reference Guide for FAST Version 18. Final Report (NIST TN 1216)

May 1, 1989

Author(s)

Walter W. Jones, Richard D. Peacock

FAST (fire and smoke transport) is a zone model capable of predicting the environment in a multi- compartment structure subjected to a fire. This reference guide provides a detailed description of the source terms used in the model, data input requirements

Engineering View of the Fire of May 4, 1988 in the First Interstate Bank Building, Los Angeles, California (NIST IR 89-4061)

March 31, 1989

Author(s)

Harold E. Nelson

The course of the fire is traced in terms of developing fire phenomena. Special emphasis is given to burning rate of building furnishings, smoke layer temperature, layer level, oxygen consumption, combustion efficiency, flashover, exterior fire propagation

Measurement Techniques for Horizontal Flow Boiling Heat Transfer With Pure and Mixed Refrigerants

January 1, 1989

Author(s)

D. S. Jung, Mark O. McLinden, R Radermacher

A test rig and measurement techniques for horizontal flow boiling of pure and mixed refrigerants are described. Local heat transfer coefficients were measured for R22/R114 and R12/R152a mixtures as well as the corresponding pure components. The test

Behavior of Primary Radicals During Thermal Degradation of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)

October 11, 1988

Author(s)

Takashi Kashiwagi, A Inabi, Anthony P. Hamins

The behavior of the primary radicals formed from the random scission of anionically polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate). PMMA, during thermal degradation is investigated by a theoretical and experimental study. The theoretically calculated relationship

Rating of Mixed Split Residential Air Conditioners

September 13, 1988

Author(s)

Piotr A. Domanski

A methodology is presented for rating the performance of mixed, split residential air conditioners. The method accounts for the impact on system performance of the indoor evaporator, expansion device and fan; three major components that are likely to be

Thermophysical Property Need for the Environmentally-Acceptable Halocarbon Refrigerants

September 9, 1988

Author(s)

Mark O. McLinden, David Didion

The need for, and uses of thermodynamic and transport properties in the selection of working fluids for the vapor compression cycle and in equipment design are reviewed. Lists of hydrogen-containing halocarbons, as well as their mixtures, are presented as

Fire Hazard Comparison of Fire-Retarded and Non-Fire-Retarded Products (NBS SP 749)

July 1, 1988

Author(s)

Vyto Babrauskas, Richard H. Harris Jr., Richard Gann, Barbara C. Levin, B T. Lee, Richard Peacock, M Paabo, W H. Twilley, M F. Yoklavich, H M. Clark

A test program was conducted for the Fire Retardant Chemicals Association to quantify the effects of fire retardant chemicals on total fire hazard. Five different types of products, each made from a different type of plastic were used. The products were

Search for Alternative Refrigerants: A Molecular Approach

July 1, 1988

Author(s)

Mark O. McLinden, David Didion

The impending production limitation on the fully halogenated CFC refrigerants is causing an intense search for possible substitutes. This study reviews the historical development of the CFC refrigerants and the relationship between molecular structure and

Measurement of the Heat Capacities of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants

June 20, 1988

Author(s)

R Radermacher

A flow calorimeter was designed and built to measure the heat capacity of pure and mixed halogenated hydrocarbons in the liquid phase. The calorimeter is an electrically heated, coiled tube located inside a vacuum chamber in the water bath. The liquid

Analysis of the Influence of Piston Effect on Elevator Smoke Control

April 1, 1988

Author(s)

J H. Klote

This paper is part of a joint project between the United States and Canada to evaluate the feasibility of using elevators for the evacuation of the handicapped during a fire. The transient pressures produced when an elevator car move in a shaft are a

Experimental Data Set for the Accuracy Assessment of Room Fire Models (NBSIR 88-3752)

April 1, 1988

Author(s)

Richard D. Peacock, S Davis, B T. Lee

The development of experimental data for use in computer fire model accuracy assessment is described. The tests were conducted in a heavily instrumented structure to provide data on temperatures and mass and heat flows in a simple multi-room configuration

Experimental Evaluation of Two Refrigerant Mixtures in a Breadboard Air Conditioner

April 1, 1988

Author(s)

W. J. Mulroy, M Kauffeld, Mark O. McLinden, David Didion

An experimental, water-to-water, breadboard heat pump (that is one designed to be easily reconfigured) was constructed for comparison of pure R22 to the refrigerant mixtures R22/R114 and R13/R12. three evaporator configurations were extensively studied. In

Seasonal Performance Evaluation Procedures for Domestic Electric Driven Heat Pump's and Air Conditioner's

March 1, 1988

Author(s)

David Didion

Virtually all of the residential and commercial heat pumps available in today's market operateDT on the same fundamental principles as do, that of the vapor compression cycle. Also, virtually all of these systems use fluorocarbon compounds as a working

Are Ions Important in Soot Formation?

January 1, 1988

Author(s)

H. F. Calcote, D B. Olson, D. G. Keil

Many chemical mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of incipient soot in flames. The ionic mechanism has not been widely embraced; it is considered a competitor to free radical mechanisms which have received more attention. It seems timely to

Suppression of Nucleate Boiling of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants in Turbulent Annular Flow

December 1, 1987

Author(s)

H. D. Ross, R Radermacher

The following issues are addressed: (a) Is suppression of nucleate boiling an appropriate physical mechanism to explain experimental heat transfer coefficient behavior? (b) Is suppression possible under reasonable conditions with refrigerants? (c) Is

Wood Heating Safety Research: An Update

November 1, 1987

Author(s)

Richard D. Peacock

The Center for Fire Research at the National Bureau of Standards has been involved in research related to wood heating safety for more than seven years. Areas of interest have included: typical operating conditions of modern heating appliances, intensity

Vapor Compression Heat Pump Cycle With Desorber/Absorber Heat Exchange

August 1, 1987

Author(s)

R Radermacher

In this paper, a special version of a vapor compression heat pump cycle with solution circuit is introduced. In this cycle, the gliding temperature intervals are deliberately chosen so large, that the highest temperature in the desorber (evaporator) is