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Fire

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Displaying 3001 - 3025 of 3902

Concrete: A Multi-Scale Interactive Composite

March 1, 1998
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Dale P. Bentz
Methods have been developed for predicting the overall diffusion coefficient of ions in concrete using a multi-scale interactive analysis, ignoring any chloride binding interactions. The analysis makes use of microstructure models of mortar/concrete and

Fourth International Symposium on Roofing Technology

March 1, 1998
Author(s)
Walter J. Rossiter Jr
This report presents a summary of the Fourth International Symposium on Roofing Technology. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) and the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) have

Sprinklers, Vent, and Draft Curtain Interaction: Modeling and Experiment

February 25, 1998
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Anthony P. Hamins, D. D. Evans
The second and most recent application of the NIST Industrial Fire Simulation (IFS) System is to predict the performance of sprinklers, draft curtains and roof vents in storage facilities and retail spaces. The IFS System is a series of computational fluid

Using Sensor Data to Predict the Environment in a Building

February 25, 1998
Author(s)
Walter W. Jones, Richard D. Peacock, Glenn P. Forney, Paul A. Reneke
As transducers become more commonplace in the built environment, it is desirable to utilize this information in a more complete way to assure safety. There are two fi to doing this, incorporating our knowledge of fires and other extreme events into the

Char Enhancing Approaches to Flame Retarding Polymers

February 1, 1998
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Takashi Kashiwagi, Richard H. Harris Jr., S M. Lomakin, J D. Lichtenhan, A. Bolf, P. Jones
Additives that increase the amount of charcoal-like residue or carbonaceous char that forms during polymer combustion are very effective fire retardants (FR). Our research efforts focus on reducing polymer flammability by promoting char formation. Our

Testing and Modeling of Fresh Concrete Rheology

February 1, 1998
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, F DeLarrard
This report presents the results of an experimental program dealing with the rheology of fresh concrete. The three main goals were: 1) Obtain rheological data on concretes produced with various mixture compositions; 2) Establish models to link mixture

Field Modeling: Simulating the Effects of HVAC Induced Air Flow From Various Diffusers and Returns on Detector Response. International Fire Detection Research Project. Year 4 Report/Data

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
J H. Klote, William D. Davis, Glenn P. Forney, Richard W. Bukowski
Rapid activation of fire protection systems in response to a growing fire is one of the important factors required to provide for life safety and property protection. Airflow due to the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system can

Inhibition Effectiveness of Halogenated Compounds

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
T Noto, Valeri I. Babushok, Anthony Hamins, Wing Tsang
A numerical study of the inhibition efficiency of halogenated compounds was carried out for C1-C2 hydrocarbon-air laminar premixed flames. The inhibition efficiency of CF3Br, CF3I, CF3H, C2HF, C2F6, and CF4 additives was interpreted using an additive group

Issues in Evaluation of Complex Fire Models

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Glenn P. Forney, M. M. Kostreva
Several methods of evaluation of the predictive capability have been applied to fire models, but with limited utility. These range from explicit evaluation of the equations used in simple models such as ASET to pointwise evaluation of complex models from

Methodology for Obtaining and Using Toxic Potency Data for Fire Hazard Analysis

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
Vyto Babrauskas, Richard Gann, Barbara C. Levin, M Paabo, Richard H. Harris Jr., Richard Peacock, S Yusa
A comprehensive methodology has been developed for obtaining and using smoke toxicity data for fire hazard analysis. This description of the methodology comprises (1) determination that the post-flashover fire is the proper focus of smoke inhalation deaths

Post-Installed Anchors. A Literature Review

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, Long T. Phan
A literature review of studies on the behavior of post-installed concrete anchors is presented. The survey covers several types of anchors that are subjected to tension loads, shear loads, and to combined shear and tension loads. Brief summaries of the

Review of Mechanical Properties of HSC at Elevated Temperature

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
Long T. Phan, Nicholas J. Carino
A compilation of experimental results on the mechanical properties of concrete when exposed to rapid heating as in a fire are presented. Emphasis is placed on concretes with high original compressive strengths. That is, high-strength concretes (HSCs). The

Suppression of Ignition Over a Heated Metal Surface

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Robert P. Borthwick
The effectiveness of various agents including N2, C3HF3, C3HF7, CF3Br and CF3I was compared in suppressing the ignition of stoichiometric mixtures of methane/air, propane/air, and ethene/air. Measurements were made of the critical ignition temperature of

Universal Relationships in Sooting Methane-Air Diffusion Flames

January 1, 1998
Author(s)
C. R. Kaplan, G P. Patnaik, K. Kailasanath
The laminar flamelet concept is based on the premise that scalar properties in laminar diffusion flames are nearly universal functions of mixture fraction. It has been well-tested and proven for temperature and the major species, however, few studies have

Simplified Fire Growth Calculations

December 31, 1997
Author(s)
E K. Budnick, D D. Evans, H Nelson
This work is one chapter of the 19th NFPA Fire Protection Handbook directed at giving the user simplified methods to estimate quantities used in fire protection engineering. The areas included are: ignitability of solids, energy release rate, flame heights
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