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Fire

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Displaying 251 - 275 of 3901

Experiments to Quantify Firebrand Production from Roofing Assembly Combustion

November 12, 2017
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki, Tomohiro Naruse
Large outdoor fires present a risk to the built environment. One example often in the international media reports are wildfires that spread into communities, referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires. Another example are large urban fires

Investigation on Firebrand Generation from Reduced-scale Mock-ups

November 12, 2017
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Firebrands generated from structures are known to be a source of rapid flame spread within communities in large outdoor fires, such as wildland-urban (WUI) fires, and urban fires. It is important to better understand firebrand generation mechanism. To this

Flame Spread Along Fences Near a Structure in a Wind Field

October 20, 2017
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Marco G. Fernandez, Mariusz Zarzecki, Eric Auth
Combustible fences have been identified in post-fire investigations of wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires as potential threats to homes and other structures. They may ignite due to direct fire contact or firebrands, they may conduct fire along their

Certification of SRM 2493:Standard Reference Mortar for Rheological Measurements

October 4, 2017
Author(s)
Alex Olivas, Chiara C. Ferraris, Nicos Martys, Edward Garboczi, Blaza Toman, William L. George
Rheological measurements are often performed using a rotational rheometer. In this type of rheometer, the tested fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which acts as the rotating surface [1]. Usually, the rotational velocity is imposed and the

Polarized Light Scattering of Smoke Sources and Cooking Aerosols

October 1, 2017
Author(s)
Thomas Cleary, Amy Mensch
Light scattering data was gathered during experiments conducted in an ANSI/UL 217 test room constructed at NIST to assess the performance of currently available smoke alarms. Smoldering and flaming fires along with cooking experiments were conducted. The

Double-shear tests of high-strength structural bolts at elevated temperatures

September 28, 2017
Author(s)
Rafaela Peixoto, Mina S. Seif, Luiz Vieira
The behavior of high-strength structural steel at elevated temperatures, especially under shear loading, is not well established in the literature. This paper presents results from recently conducted tests on high-strength structural bolts subject to

Behaviour of high-strength bolts at elevated temperatures under double-shear loading

September 13, 2017
Author(s)
Mina S. Seif, Jonathan M. Weigand, Rafaela Peixoto, Luiz Vieira
During fire events, connections in steel structures may be subjected to large unanticipated deformations and loads. Those fire effects can produce failures of connections, including local buckling of the connection zone, rupture of connection plates, shear

Modelling and Influencing Human Behaviour in Fire

August 22, 2017
Author(s)
Steve Gwynne, Erica D. Kuligowski, Michael Kinsey, Lynn Hulse
The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual model of human behaviour in fire and its impact on evacuation modelling, life safety analyses, and evacuation procedures. This model is based on a theoretical framework of individual decision-making

Behavior of Steel-Sheathed Shear Walls Subjected to Seismic and Fire Loads

August 7, 2017
Author(s)
Matthew S. Hoehler, Christopher M. Smith, Tara C. Hutchinson, Xiang Wang, Brian J. Meacham, Praveen Kamath
A series of tests was conducted on six 2.7 m × 3.7 m shear wall specimens consisting of cold- formed steel framing sheathed on one side with sheet steel adhered to gypsum board and on the opposite side with plain gypsum board. The specimens were subjected

Identifying Vulnerable Populations to Death and Injuries from Residential Fires

August 4, 2017
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert, David T. Butry
Residential fire casualty risk is a function of an individual’s exposure risk and vulnerability. The previous literature focuses on measuring correlations between socioeconomic factors and casualties, and identifies at-risk population. This study controls

Enhancing Egress Drills: Preparation and Assessment of Evacuee Performance

July 11, 2017
Author(s)
Steve Gwynne, Erica D. Kuligowski, Karen E. Boyce, Daniel Nilsson, Amanda Robbins, Ruggiero Lovreglio, J.R. Thomas, A. Roy-Poirier
This article explores how egress drills - specifically those related to fire incidents - are currently employed, their impact on safety levels, and the insights gained from them. It is suggested that neither the merits of egress drills are well understood

Flame Inhibition by Potassium-Containing Compounds

June 30, 2017
Author(s)
Valeri I. Babushok, Gregory T. Linteris, Pol Hoorelbeke
A kinetic model of inhibition by the potassium containing compound potassium bicarbonate is suggested. The model is based on the previous work concerning kinetic studies of suppression of secondary flashes, inhibition by alkali metals and the studies of

Modeling flame extinction and reignition in large eddy simulations with fast chemistry

May 16, 2017
Author(s)
James White, Sebastien Vilfayeau, Andre Marshall, Arnaud Trouve, Randall McDermott
This work seeks to support the validation of large eddy simulation (LES) models used to simulate the response of fires to the activation of a suppression system. The emphasis in the present study is on the prediction of flame weakening and extinction when
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