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Chemistry

Chemical engineering & processing

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Displaying 101 - 125 of 400

Communication-Comparison of Nanoscale Focused Ion Beam and Electrochemical Lithiation in beta-Sn Microspheres

December 5, 2016
Author(s)
Saya Takeuchi, William R. McGehee, Jennifer L. Schaefer, Truman M. Wilson, Kevin A. Twedt, Christopher L. Soles, Vladimir P. Oleshko, Eddie H. Chang, Jabez J. McClelland
The development of Li focused ion beams (Li-FIB) enables controlled Li ion insertion into materials with nanoscale resolution. We take the first step toward establishing the relevance of the Li-FIB for studies of ion dynamics in electrochemically active

FINE-TUNING ELECTRICAL FLOW RATE SENSING IN DEFORMABLE CHANNELS

October 9, 2016
Author(s)
Pengfei Niu, Brian J. Nablo, Kiran Bhadriraju, Darwin Reyes-Hernandez
Here we present conclusive proof that when using electrical impedance to measure volumetric flow rate in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels a considerable fraction of the change in impedance, due to change in flow rate, is caused by the variation in

Application of the advanced distillation curve method for the characterization of two alternative transportation fuels prepared from the pyrolysis of polyethylene bags*

September 15, 2016
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Megan E. Harries, B. K. Sharma, Bidhya Kunwar
The properties of alternative fuels must be evaluated to determine their suitability for use in existing engines, either as blends with conventional petroleum products or as stand-alone substitutions (that is, drop in replacements). Alternative fuels made

Computer-Aided Molecular Design and Selection of CO2 Capture Solvents Based on Thermodynamics, Reactivity and Sustainability

August 10, 2016
Author(s)
Alexandros Chremos, Athanasios Papadopoulos, Sara Badr, Esther Forte, Theodoros Zarogiannis, Panos Seferlis, Stavros Papadokonstantakis, Amparo Galindo, George Jackson, Claire Adjiman
The identification of improved carbon dioxide (CO2) capture solvents remains a challenge due to the vast number of potentially-suitable molecules. We propose an optimization-based computer- aided molecular design (CAMD) method to identify and select, from

Lateral Tip Control Effects in CD-AFM Metrology: The Large Tip Limit

January 25, 2016
Author(s)
Ronald G. Dixson, Ndubuisi G. Orji, Ryan Goldband
Sidewall sensing in CD-AFMs usually involves continuous lateral dithering of the tip or the use of a control algorithm and fast response piezo actuator to position the tip in a manner that resembles touch-triggering of coordinate measuring machine (CMM)

Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables: Oceanic salinity and pH, and atmospheric humidity. Part 1: overview

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Rainer Feistel, Robert Wielgosz, Stephanie A. Bell, M F. Camoes, J R. Cooper, P Dexter, A G. Dickson, P Fisicaro, Allan H. Harvey, M Heinonen, Olaf Hellmuth, H J. Kretzschmar, J W. Lovell-Smith, Trevor J. McDougall, R Pawlowicz, S Seitz, Petra Spitzer, D Stoica, H Wolf, P Ridout
Water in its three ambient phases plays the dominant thermodynamic role for the functioning principles of the terrestrial climate system. Together with clouds, water vapour in the atmosphere is the strongest greenhouse gas (followed by clouds and carbon

An Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Performance Testbed

December 10, 2015
Author(s)
Richard Candell, Timothy A. Zimmerman, Keith A. Stouffer
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a cybersecurity performance testbed for industrial control systems. The goal of the testbed is to measure the performance of industrial control systems (ICS) when instrumented with

Uranium removal from seawater by means of polyamide 6 fibers directly grafted with diallyl oxalate through a single-step, solvent-free irradiation process

December 4, 2015
Author(s)
Travis C. Dietz, Claire E. Tomaszewski, Zois Tsinas, Dianne L. Poster, Aaron Barkatt, Mohammad Adel-Hadadi, Fred B. Bateman, Lonnie Cumberland, Erich Schneider, Karen Gaskell, Jay LaVerne, Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
To test the effectiveness of oxalate-based polymeric adsorbents in the recovery of uranium from seawater, diallyl oxalate (DAOx) was grafted onto polyamide 6 fabrics by exposing the fabric, immersed in pure liquid DAOx or in a surfactant stabilized

Noncontact conductivity and dielectric measurement for high throughput roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing

November 23, 2015
Author(s)
Nathan D. Orloff, Christian J. Long, Jan Obrzut, Laurent Millaud, Francesca Mirri, Thomas R. Kole, Robert D. McMichael, Mattei Pasquali, Stephan J. Stranick, James A. Liddle
Advances in roll-to-roll processing of graphene [1] and carbon nanotube [2] have at last led to the continuous production of high-quality coatings and filaments, ushering in a wave of applications for flexible [3], [4] and wearable [5] electronics, woven

MEASURING PRESSURE AND VACUUM WITH LIGHT: A NEW PHOTONIC, QUANTUM-BASED, PRESSURE STANDARD

September 3, 2015
Author(s)
Jay H. Hendricks, Jacob E. Ricker, Jack A. Stone Jr., Patrick F. Egan, Gregory E. Scace, Gregory F. Strouse, Douglas A. Olson, Donavon Gerty
The future of pressure and vacuum measurement will rely on lasers and Fabry-Perot optical cavities, and will be based on fundamental physics of light interacting with a gas. Light interacts at the quantum level with matter such that light travels at a

Quantitative magnetometry of ferromagnetic nanorods by microfluidic analytical magnetophoresis

September 3, 2015
Author(s)
Andrew L. Balk, Lamar O. Mair, Feng Guo, Carlos M. Hangarter, Pramod Mathai, Robert D. McMichael, Samuel M. Stavis, John Unguris
We introduce an implementation of magnetophoresis to measure the absolute magnetization of ferromagnetic nanorods dispersed in fluids, by analyzing the velocity of single nanorods under an applied magnetic field gradient. A microfluidic guideway prevents

Measuring collected gas with microwave and acoustic resonances

April 23, 2015
Author(s)
Keith A. Gillis, James W. Schmidt, Michael R. Moldover, James B. Mehl
With calibrations of large flow meters in mind, we established the feasibility of determining the mass M of argon gas contained within a 0.3 m 3 commercially manufactured pressure vessel ("tank") with a relative standard uncertainty of u r(M) = 0.0016 at 0

The Art in Science of MicroTAS: the 2014 issue

April 14, 2015
Author(s)
Darwin R. Reyes-Hernandez
For the 7th year in a row the Art in Science award competition, sponsored by Lab on a Chip and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), took place at the 18th International Conference of Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life

Bubble Nucleation of Highly Superheated Water on Thin Film Platinum Films supported by SiN Membranes using a Low-Noise Bridge Circuit

December 1, 2014
Author(s)
Eric J. Ching, Michael J. Carrier, C. T. Avedisian, James R. Young, Bruce R. Land, Richard E. Cavicchi
This study describes the use of stress-minimized thin film platinum (Pt) membrane configurations (200 nm thick, 150 μm long, 10 μm wide) for promoting bubble nucleation of water near its superheat limit. The membrane designs consist of Pt films deposited

Influence of the central mode and soft phonon on the microwave dielectric loss near the strain-induced ferroelectric phase transitions in Sr n+1 uTi n uO 3n+1 u*

November 12, 2014
Author(s)
V. Goian, S. Kamba, D Nuzhnyy, Nathan Orloff, T. Birol, C.-H Lee, D. G. Schlom, James Booth
Recently, Lee et al. [1] used1% tensile strain to induce a ferroelectic instability in thin films of Srdn+1uTi nuO 3n+1u (n=1-6) phases. They showed that the Curie temperature T cu gradually increased with n, reaching 180 K for Sr7Ti6O19 (n=6). The
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