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Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are commonly used as refrigerants in air-conditioning equipment, are potent greenhouse gases and will need to be replaced. In search of suitable replacements, a recent study performed a comprehensive screening of a database
In the effort to achieve low-energy operation of residential buildings, advanced water heating technologies are vitally important. This paper explores the year-long performance of a 189 L (50 gal) heat pump water heater (HPWH) serving as an auxiliary unit
A 2715 ft2 (252 m2), two story, residential home of the style typical of the Gaithersburg, Maryland area was constructed in 2012 to illustrate technologies employed to produce a net-zero energy (NZE) home (or ZEH). It functions as a laboratory to support
The effect of faults on cooling capacity, COP, sensible heat ratio, and superheat/subcooling temperatures in five split and rooftop systems, which use different types of expansion devices, compressors and refrigerants, are separately compared and analyzed
Richard Candell, Timothy A. Zimmerman, Keith A. Stouffer
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a cybersecurity performance testbed for industrial control systems. The goal of the testbed is to measure the performance of industrial control systems (ICS) when instrumented with
William V. Payne, Arthur H. Fanney, William M. Healy, Joshua D. Kneifel, Tania Ullah, Farhad Omar, Steven T. Bushby, Brian P. Dougherty, Dustin G. Poppendieck, Lisa C. Ng
The IEA HPT Annex 40 "Heat pump concepts for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings" deals with the application of heat pumps as a core component of the HVAC system for Nearly or Net Zero energy buildings (NZEB). This report covers Task 2 on the system comparison
Natascha S. Milesi-Ferretti, Michael A. Galler, Steven T. Bushby, Daniel Choiniere
Automated commissioning tools are designed to facilitate the commissioning process, decreasing the amount of time and the skill level required to carry out necessary quality assurance measures. As a result, they enable more thorough testing of building
Time-varying electricity rates impact the costs of operation and the value of renewable generation and storage resources. This study investigates the economic impact of electricity tariff parameters on the value of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in the
William V. Payne, Piotr A. Domanski, Jaehyeok Heo, Zhimin Du
This study is meant to be applied to residential, unitary, air-source, single-speed, vapor compression air-conditioning systems with nominal cooling capacities less than 19 kW (65,000 Btuh-1 or 5.4 tons). In this research, a method for self-training FDD
Mark O. McLinden, J. Steven Brown, Andrei F. Kazakov, Piotr A. Domanski
We explore the possibilities for low-GWP refrigerants through two approaches. First, we explore the performance of hypothetical refrigerants to define the limits of what is allowed by thermodynamics. In the second approach, we apply property estimation
Piotr A. Domanski, Hugh Henderson, William V. Payne
The study analyzed the effect of common installation faults on the cooling performance of a residential, split air conditioner installed in a single-family, slab-on-grade house. We considered five climatic regions in the United States from hot/humid to