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Anthony D. Putorti Jr., Francine K. Amon, Kathryn M. Butler, Catherine A. Remley, William F. Young, Christina Spoons
One of the most important aspects of effective firefighter response to an emergency event is awareness of the location of the firefighters involved, especially in cases with limited visibility due to darkness, heavy smoke, or unfamiliar and changing
Yilin Tian, Kyung Sul, Cynthia H. Reed, Dennis D. Leber, Andrea Ferro
Human walking influences indoor air quality by resuspending dust particles that have deposited on the floor. Previous research shows that particle resuspension rates vary over several orders of magnitude because of several influencing factors, such as
To reduce indoor exposure to harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs), low VOC-emitting products are increasingly in demand. These are usually tested in emission chambers by independent laboratories, but very different profiles are often obtained for the
Chi P. Hoang, Dong H. Rim, Lance L. Wallace, Andrew K. Persily
In building environments, oxidation reactions involving ozone and terpenoids lead to nano-sized particle formation [Jang et al. 1999]. Low volatility products of these reactions are important and add to particle mass concentrations in air through
This study has investigated the effect of a kitchen exhaust hood on the reduction of exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) from a gas stove. Size-resolved UFP ranging from 2 nm to 100 nm were monitored in a manufactured test house (volume of 340 m3), using
Building and space ventilation rates are primary determinants of indoor pollutant levels and occupant exposures, and the impacts of ventilation on health and comfort have long been recognized in ventilation standards and regulations. Despite the importance
To improve the reliability and accuracy of tests used to measure emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from samples of interior building products, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) have created a
Steven J. Emmerich, Brian J. Polidoro, James W. Axley
In earlier work (Axley and Emmerich 2002), NIST developed a climate suitability analysis technique to evaluate the potential of a given location for direct ventilative cooling and complimentary nighttime ventilative cooling. The direct ventilative cooling
Building energy efficiency has been an important goal for decades. Since the energy crisis of the 1970s, much has been learned about how to improve energy efficiency in buildings. More recently, given increases in energy costs and concerns about the
This paper considers the alternative cooling technologies studied by Fisher et al. (1994) and assesses their current potential to compete with or to replace vapor compression refrigeration technology for space cooling and near-room temperature
Piotr A. Domanski, David A. Yashar, Sunil Lee, Janusz Wojtusiak
A public domain finned-tube heat exchanger simulation program, EVAP-COND ver. 3.0, has been equipped with an evolutionary algorithm-based module, called ISHED Intelligent System for Heat Exchanger Design, which facilitates optimization of refrigerant
This paper presents liquid kinematic viscosity and density measurements of a synthetic polyolester-based aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle dispersion (nanolubricant) at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 288 K to 318 K. The polyolester was a
This report summarizes the results of the workshop Measurement Science Roadmap for Workability of Cementitious Materials held on March 18, 2011 in Gaithersburg Maryland and sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology with
Robert R. Zarr, Amanda C. Harris, John F. Roller, Stefan D. Leigh
Thermal conductivity measurements at and near room temperature are presented as the basis for certified values of thermal conductivity for SRM 1450d, Fibrous Glass Board. The measurements have been conducted in accordance with a randomized full factorial
Four real-scale experiments were conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to measure the temperatures above and below a wood floor assembly exposed to fire conditions from below. The objectives of the experiments were: 1) to examine
Dilip K. Banerjee, Emil Simiu, John L. Gross, Raghu N. Kacker
The performance of composite floor steel trusses in fires is a function of the steel temperatures within the trusses. For any given specified fire and composite system design, the temperatures depend on three randomly varying factors: (1) the thermal
Elemental X-ray μ-analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) backscattered electron imaging (BEI) are combined to develop quantitative phase maps for portland cement, fly ash, and slag. The process is facilitated with visual textural analysis of the
Rodney A. Bryant, Olatunde B. Sanni, Elizabeth F. Moore, Robert P. Borthwick, Marco G. Fernandez, Iosif I. Shinder, Jiann C. Yang, Aaron N. Johnson
Two series of independent flow measurements were conducted for cross validation of flow velocity in the exhaust duct of the NIST Large Fire Laboratory. In the first series, two pressure measurement probe types, an S probe and a 3-D probe, were used to
Conventional approach to cross-layer network optimization assumes elastic users adjusting their bandwidth requirements in response to the resource congestion prices. This assumption leads to the Network Utility Maximization (NUM) framework. However, often
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is concerned about the hazard of acute residential CO exposures from portable gasoline powered generators that can result in death or serious and/or lasting adverse health effects in exposed individuals
In order to support effective responses to a wide-area release of a biological agent in an urban area, a building triage approach is envisioned that will provide an estimate of the contamination levels of specific buildings that are likely to have been
Tinh Nguyen, Bastien T. Pellegrin, Coralie Bernard, Xiaohong Gu, Justin M. Gorham, Paul E. Stutzman, Deborah S. Jacobs, Walter E. Byrd, John W. Hettenhouser, Joannie W. Chin
Nanoparticles are increasingly used in consumer and structural polymeric products to enhance a variety of properties. Under the influences of environmental factors (e.g., ultraviolet, moisture, temperature) and mechanical actions (e.g., scratching