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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 501 - 525 of 3873

Calibration of rheometers for cementitious materials

May 16, 2016
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, Nicos Martys, William L. George, Edward J. Garboczi, Alex Olivas
The calibration of rheometers to determine the rheological properties of cement based materials ranging from cement paste to concrete cannot be done using standard oils as they are cost prohibitive and do not possess sufficient granularity to test slip

Human Response to and Consequences of the May 22, 2011, Joplin Tornado

May 15, 2016
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Frank Lombardo, Long T. Phan
Tornadoes wreak havoc and destruction across the United States every year. One such tornado occurred in Joplin, Missouri on May 22, 2011. This tornado killed 161 people, damaged nearly 8,000 structures and caused billions of dollars in damage. This chapter

Burning Velocities of Marginally Flammable Refrigerant-Air Mixtures

April 21, 2016
Author(s)
John Pagliaro, Gregory T. Linteris
Refrigerant working fluids have been predicted to be large contributors to the increase in radiative forcing of the earth. Consequently, existing compounds will soon be phased out. Low-GWP replacements exist, but they tend to be mildly flammable, and there

Temperature-Dependent Material Modeling for Structural Steels: Formulation and Application

April 15, 2016
Author(s)
Mina S. Seif, William E. Luecke, Lisa Y. Choe, Joseph A. Main, Joseph D. McColskey, Chao Zhang, Jonathan M. Weigand, John L. Gross, Fahim Sadek
This report presents the formulation and application of a newly developed temperature-dependent material model for structural steels. First it presents a model for computing the stress-strain behavior of structural steel for conditions appropriate to fire

Transition to Low-GWP Refrigerants: Options and Tradeoffs

April 6, 2016
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are commonly used as refrigerants in air-conditioning equipment, are potent greenhouse gases and will need to be replaced. In search of suitable replacements, a recent study performed a comprehensive screening of a database

NIST Weather Station for Photovoltaic and Building System Research

March 29, 2016
Author(s)
Matthew Boyd
A weather station has been constructed on the Gaithersburg, Maryland campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as part of a research effort to assess performance of photovoltaic and building systems. This weather station includes

Understanding Overpressure in the FAA Aerosol Can Test by C3H2F3Br (2-BTP)

March 18, 2016
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Valeri I. Babushok, John L. Pagliaro, Jeffrey A. Manion, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Fumiaki Takahashi, Viswanath R. Katta, Patrick T. Baker
Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, as well as perfectly-stirred reactor (PSR) simulations with detailed reaction kinetics, are performed for a potential halon replacement, C3H2F3Br (2-BTP, C3H2F3Br, 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene), to understand the

Finite element modeling of structural steel component failure at elevated temperatures

March 12, 2016
Author(s)
Mina S. Seif, Joseph A. Main, Jonathan M. Weigand, Therese P. McAllister, William E. Luecke
A key issue in evaluating the response of structural systems to fire effects is the representation of material behavior at elevated temperatures. In addition to stress-strain behavior, modeling of fracture is required to capture failure modes such as tear

CONTAM RESULTS EXPORT TOOL

March 9, 2016
Author(s)
Brian Polidoro, Lisa Ng, William Stuart Dols
CONTAM is a multizone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis program developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Since CONTAM simulation files are binary and not human-readable, the CONTAM Results Export Tool was created to

Characterizing Indoor Air- Quality Performance Using a Graphical Approach

March 8, 2016
Author(s)
Kevin Y. Teichman, Cynthia H. Reed, Steven J. Emmerich
In this paper, we describe and demonstrate a graphical approach to illustrating the indoor air quality (IAQ) performance of high-performing buildings. We start by describing previous efforts to establish IAQ and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) metrics

Firebrand Production from Building Components Fitted with Siding Treatments

February 1, 2016
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Firebrand production from real-scale building components under well-controlled laboratory conditions was investigated. Re-entrant corner assemblies were ignited and during the combustion process, firebrands were collected to determine the size/mass

Measurement Challenges and Metrology for Monitoring CO2 Emissions from Smokestacks Workshop Summary

January 20, 2016
Author(s)
Aaron N. Johnson, Rodney A. Bryant, Tamae M. Wong, James R. Whetstone, Eric Harman, Woong Kang, Keith A. Gillis, Hsin-Hung Lee, Iosif I. Shinder, Liang Zhang
On April 20-21, 2015, NIST hosted a workshop that, through measurement science, enabled the owners of stationary sources (primarily the electric power industry) and their regulatory agencies (federal and state) to better characterize greenhouse gas (GHG)

FIRE-STRUCTURE INTERACTION EXPERIMENT PLAN FOR FULL-SCALE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEM

January 12, 2016
Author(s)
Lisa Y. Choe, John L. Gross, William L. Grosshandler, Matthew F. Bundy
The newly-constructed National Fire Research Laboratory (NFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides an opportunity for the structural fire research community to undertake experimental research here-to-for not possible. This
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