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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 401 - 425 of 3873

Thermal Degradation and Flammability Properties of Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, A B. Morgan, Joseph M. Antonucci, Richard H. Harris Jr., E A. Grulke, J N. Hilding, Jack F. Douglas
Thermal degradation and flammability properties of the two types of nanocomposites with nanosilica and carbon nanotubes were studied. PMMA, poly(metheyl methacrylate), nanocomposites were made by in situ radical polymerization of MMA, methylmethacrylate

Thermal Degradation Studies of Alkyl-Imidazolium Salts and Their Application in Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
W H. Awad, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Marc R. Nyden, Richard H. Harris Jr., T E. Sutto, J H. Callahan, Paul C. Trulove, H X. DeLong
Increasing the thermal stability of organically modified layered silicates is one of the key points in the successful technical application of polymer layered-silicates nanocomposites on the industrial scale. To circumvent the detrimental effect of the

Time Resolved Size Distributions of Test Smokes and Nuisance Aerosols

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Thomas Cleary
An electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) has been used to measure the size distribution of various test smokes and nuisance aerosols generated in the fire emulator/detector evaluator (FE/DE). Previously reported size results were time-averaged values

Toward an Integrated Concrete Performance Prediction Tool

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Barbara C. Lippiatt
Industrial engineers and construction specifiers are increasingly concerned about the implications of their material design and product selection decisions, respectively, for the environment and public health. How will a given concrete design affect global

U.S.-Japan Joint Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Stephen A. Cauffman
The U.S.-Japan Joint Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects is now entering its 33rd year. The Panel was formed in 1969 under the auspices of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program on Natural Resources (UJNR), one of three collateral programs that comprise the U.S

Ultrasonic Extraction/Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Determining Lead in Household Paint: Summary of a Laboratory Study

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Walter J. Rossiter Jr, Blaza Toman, M Vangel, M E. McKnight, M Baghai Anaraki, A Signor, I Emenanjo, E Byrd
This paper summarizes the results a three-year study conducted to evaluate the reliability of field-portable ultrasonic extraction-anodic stripping voltammetry (UE/ASV) for determining the amount of lead in laboratory-prepared and field-sampled paint films

Unresolved Issues Related to Predicting the Service Life of Polymeric Materials

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jonathan W. Martin, Tinh Nguyen
Linking field and laboratory exposure results and predicting the service life of a polymeric materials exposed in its intended service environment have been major research goals of the polymeric materials community for over a century. Three methodologies

Use of Optical Probes and Laser Scanning Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy for High Throughput Characterization of Dispersion in Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Rick D. Davis, S Bellayer, P H. Maupin, Raghavan Dharmara, Joseph Langat, S Bourbigot, X Flambard, D M. Fox, Paul C. Trulove, Hugh C. De Long
The development of high throughput methods for studying polymer layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSN) is motivated by the fact that these materials represent a multiple parameter problem. We have developed a HT platform for the study of thermoplastic

Using Visualization To Better Understand Fire Dynamics

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Glenn P. Forney
Computational tools have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for modeling fire spread and smoke transport. These models include FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) for modeling fire spread and smoke transport and Smokeview

Validating Smoke Toxicity Tests

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Richard Gann
This paper is the executive summary of NIST Technical Note 1453 (May 2003). The original abstract follows.This report presents the methodology for and results from a series of room-scale fire tests to produce data on the yields of toxic products in both

Verification and Validation of CFAST, A Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Spread

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Walter W. Jones, Richard D. Peacock, Glenn P. Forney, Paul A. Reneke
CFAST is a zone model capable of predicting the environment in a multi-compartment structure subjected to a fire. It calculates the time evolving distribution of smoke and fire gases and the temperature throughout a building during a user-specified fire

Video Detection and Monitoring of Smoke Conditions

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Thomas Cleary
Initial tests have been performed to assess detection limits and smoke obscuration monitoring for a video scene under different lighting and smoke concentration conditions. An illuminated exit sign located in the fire emulator/detector evaluator duct was

What a User Should Know About Selecting an Evacuation Model

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve M. Gwynne
In recent years, evacuation models have been increasingly applied in an attempt to understand the outcome of emergency egress scenarios. This has been due to the introduction of performance-based codes and the availability of cost-effective, high

What Gets Measured, Gets Managed: A Case Study of Construction Safety

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Robert E. Chapman
This article describes efforts within NIST's Building and Fire Research Laboratory to develop baseline measures for the National Construction Goals. The National Construction Goals were established in collaboration with representatives of the construction

Wildland-Urban Interface Fires: Overview and Research Needs

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
William E. Mell, Samuel Manzello, Alexander Maranghides, Ronald G. Rehm
Wildfires that spread into wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities present a significant challenge on a number of fronts. In the United States the WUI accounts for a significant portion of wildfire suppression and risk mitigation costs. Research on fire

Wind and Seismic Effects - Proceedings of the 38th Joint Panel Meeting

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Stephen A. Cauffman
This publication is the Proceedings of the 38th Joint Meeting of the U.S.-Japan Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects. The meeting was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland during 15-17 May 2006. The Proceedings
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