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The Energy Escalation Rate Calculator (EERC) computes an average annual escalation rate for fuel prices, based on the annual energy price forecasts of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This rate is used to
This is the April 2003 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in Federal facilities. It will be effective from April 1, 2003, to March 31
This is the April 2004 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities. It will be effective from April 1, 2004 to March 31
This is the April 2005 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities. It will be effective from April 1, 2005 to March 31
This is the April 2006 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities. It will be effective from April 1, 2006 to March 31
Xiaohong Gu, Tinh Nguyen, Michael J. Fasolka, Mark R. VanLandingham, Jonathan W. Martin
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has played an increasingly important role in characterizing surface morphology and surface properties of materials. However, the ability to identify and map the surface chemical heterogeneity has remained an unfulfilled
The objective of fire hazard and risk analyses is to estimate conditions of safety for people, including those that are more sensitive to fire smoke than others. For this purpose, this paper develops a method for estimating, from information on lethal and
Marc R. Nyden, Stanislav Stoliarov, Sean Crowley, C S. Jee, Z X. Guo
Polymer debinding is involved in many powder metallurgy processes, where clean removal of the binder is essential to ensure a sound product. Polyisobutylene (PIB) is under consideration for application as a fugitive binder for titanium (Ti) powder casting
A quarter century ago, a revolution occurred in the U.S. low-sloped roofing industry with the introduction of a number of new membrane products including elastomeric and thermoplastic polymeric membranes and polymer-modified bituminous membranes. Today
Jason D. Averill, Dennis S. Mileti, Richard D. Peacock, Erica D. Kuligowski, N Groner, Guylene Proulx, H Nelson
This paper presents the findings of the NIST World Trade Center Investigation describing the occupant evacuation of WTC 1 and WTC 2 on September 11, 2001. The egress system, including stairwells and elevators, is described along with the evacuation
X Feng, Edward Garboczi, Jeffrey W. Bullard, Kenneth A. Snyder, Paul E. Stutzman, T Mason
This report summarizes a project that dealt with the characterization of a fly ash and fly-ash blended cement material, so that these could be incorporated into the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL) software. The information generated
The concept of designing buildings to resist loads is fundamental to the design and regulatory process. Fire has traditionally been addressed differently because fires are difficult to describe in the same way as other building loads. This paper proposes a
Three standard fire resistance tests (ASTM E 119) were conducted on a composite floor system to study the effects of 1) test restraint conditions, and 2) scale of the test. Two full-scale tests, 35 ft (10.7 m) span, and one half-scale test, 17 ft (5.2 m)
This report describes results obtained from a fire protection engineering analysis of an historic government office building located in Washington, DC. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building is a five story building constructed in the 1870 s to
The collapse of the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, resulting from a combination of aircraft impact damage and subsequent fires, was studied as part of the Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster
We have carried out first-principles calculation of Tc and other relevant parameters of the new 40 K superconductor MgB2. Our results are in excellent agreement with the neutron measurements of phonons as well as with the measured boron isotope effect and
For more than a decade potential environmental problems associated with organo-bromine flame retardant systems have motivated the search for non-halogen based approaches to reducing polymer flammability. Initially, research focused on development of new
Takashi Kashiwagi, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., W H. Awad
The thermal and flammability properties of the polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites are measured to determine the flame retardant performance of the nanocomposites. The gasification process of the nanocomposite samples are observed and collected residues are
Flame retardant additives are ubiquitous in commercial products. They reduce fire losses by decreasing the likelihood of ignition and the rate of heat release of the products in which they are compounded. This article outlines the definition, applications
Takashi Kashiwagi, F Du, K Winey, K M. Groth, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., Jack F. Douglas
Flammability properties of PMMA/SWNT nanocomposites were measured. The addition of SWNT significantly reduces mass loss rate of PMMA even for the contents less than a 1 % mass fraction. The dispersion of tubes affects flammability properties.
Takashi Kashiwagi, K Winey, Richard H. Harris Jr., John R. Shields, Jack F. Douglas
Recent measurements on polymer nanocomposites filled with multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) have indicated that these nanoparticles are highly effective fire retardants at low loading (1 wt.-%). We report here similar results for single-walled