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Bioscience

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Displaying 976 - 1000 of 1242

Thermodynamics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions

March 1, 2003
Author(s)
Robert N. Goldberg, Yadu D. Tewari
This review, which has been prepared for the McGraw-Hill 2003 Yearbook of Science and Technology, gives an overview of the thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Topics include the thermodynamic formalism(s) used in this field, computational methods

Binding and Hydrolysis of Ampicillin in the Active Site of a Zinc Lactamase

February 6, 2003
Author(s)
Morris Krauss, N. Gresh, J Antony
Binding and hydrolysis of ampicillin is described in a model active site derived from di-nuclear B.fragilis zinc lactamase. The protein binding site consists of the two zinc cations bound with a bridging hydroxide and ligands from the first-shell residues

Biomarkers Used to Detect Genetic Damage in Tissue-Engineered Skin

January 1, 2003
Author(s)
C D. O'Connell, Peter E. Barker, M A. Marino, P McAndrew, Donald H. Atha, Pawel Jaruga, M Birincioglu, M. Dizdaroglu, H Rodriguez
The goal of the research was to help identify cellular biomarkers and assess measurement technologies that will help manufacturers determine how cells react to inflammatory stimuli from different polymer matrixes and assure that tissue-engineered medical

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Between Donor-Acceptor Pair on Two Oligonucleotides Hybridized Adjacently to a DNA Template

January 1, 2003
Author(s)
Lili Wang, Adolfas K. Gaigalas, J L. Blasic, Marcia J. Holden, David T. Gallagher, R Pires
We have used fluorescein as the energy donor and rhodamine as the acceptor to measure the efficiency of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in a set of hybridized DNA constructs. The two fluorophores are covalently attached via linkers to two

High-Throughput Analysis of Telomerase by Capillary Electrophoresis

January 1, 2003
Author(s)
Donald H. Atha, K Miller, A D. Sanow, J Xu, J L. Hess, O C. Wu, Wenhua Wang, S Srivastava, W E. Highsmith
The enzyme telomerase is expressed in 85-90% of all human cancers, but not in normal, non-stem cell somatic tissues. Clinical assays for telomerase in easily obtained body fluids would have great utility as non-invasive, cost-effective methods for the

Oxidative DNA Damage Biomarkers Used in Tissue Engineered Skin

January 1, 2003
Author(s)
H Rodriguez, Pawel Jaruga, M Birincioglu, Peter E. Barker, C D. O'Connell, M. Dizdaroglu
To assure that tissue engineered medical products are free of genetic changes that might occur from inflammation during the development phase of the product, our laboratory is responding to the need for test methods used to assess the safety and

Local Protein Dynamics and Catalysis: Detection of Segmental Motion Associated With Rate-Limiting Product Release by a Glutathione Transferase

December 24, 2002
Author(s)
S G. Codreanu, Jane E. Ladner, G Xiao, N V. Stourman, D L. Hachey, G L. Gilliland, R N. Armstrong
Glutathione transferase rGSTM1-1 catalyzes the addition of glutathione (GSH) to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in which chemical step of the reaction is 60-fold faster than the physical step of product release. The hydroxyl group of Y115, located in the

Design and Use of a Peptide Nucleic Acid for Detection of the Heteroplasmic Low-Frequency Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) Mutation in Human Mitochondrial DNA

December 1, 2002
Author(s)
Diane K. Hancock, Frederick P. Schwarz, F H. Song, L J. Wong, Barbara C. Levin
Most pathogenic human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are Heteroplasmic and are difficult to detect when present at very low levels in a population of normal mtDNA molecules. This paper describes a simple methodology to detect low levels of the single

Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers in Water

December 1, 2002
Author(s)
Robert N. Goldberg, N Kishore, R M. Lennen
This table contains selected values for the pK, standard molar enthalpy of reaction {Δ} rH , and standard molar heat-capacity change {Δ} rC p for the ionization reactions of 64 buffers many of which are relevant to biochemistry and to biology. The values

A New NIST Mitochondrial DNA Interactive Website

August 1, 2002
Author(s)
Barbara C. Levin, L A. Tully, Diane K. Hancock, Frederick P. Schwarz, M S. Lee
Every human cell has from a few dozen to several thousand mitochondria each of which contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The sequence of the entire human mtDNA (16,569 base pairs) was determined and published by Anderson et al. in 1981. A mtDNA standard

Cell Membrane Hybrid Bilayers Containing the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor CCR5

August 1, 2002
Author(s)
N M. Rao, Vitalii I. Silin, K D. Ridge, John T. Woodward IV, Anne L. Plant
A hybrid bilayer membrane is a planar model membrane that is formed at an alkanethiol monolayer-coated gold surface by the spontaneous reorganization of phospholipid vesicles. Membrane vesicles from monkey kidney COS-cells also reorganize at an alkanethiol

Electrophoretic Capture of Circular DNA in Gels - A Review

August 1, 2002
Author(s)
B. Akerman, Kenneth D. Cole
Results on electrophoretic capture of circular DNA in porous gels are reviewed. Processes, which cause arrest of circular forms of DNA during electrophoresis, can provide a very efficient separation mechanism for the purification of plasmids and bacterial
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