Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Direct AM Bench Data Links and Referencing Guidance
AM Bench data are published both through traditional journals and through online data publications using the NIST Public Data Repository (PDR) at https://data.nist.gov. For the 2022 benchmark measurements, all data are being published using both mechanisms.
Last updated: March 21, 2025
Referencing the AM Bench 2022 Measurement Results
Journal articles
The AM Bench 2022 measurement data articles are being published in the journal Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, within the thematic section: AM-Bench 2022. Please cite the relevant AM Bench 2022 publications whenever you use these data. These articles will be listed as they become available.
All 2022 benchmarks
- Outcomes and Conclusions from the 2022 AM Bench Measurements, Challenge Problems, Modeling Submissions, and Conference, Lyle Levine, Brandon Lane, Chandler Becker, James Belak, Robert Carson, David Deisenroth, Edward Glaessgen, Thomas Gnaupel-Herold, Michael Gorelik, Gretchen Greene, Saadi Habib, Callie Higgins, Michael Hill, Nik Hrabe, Jason Killgore, Jai Won Kim, Gerard Lemson, Kalman Migler, Shawn Moylan, Darren Pagan, Thien Phan, Maxwell Praniewicz, David Rowenhorst, Edwin Schwalbach, Jonathan Seppala, Brian Simonds, Mark Stoudt, Jordan Weaver, Ho Yeung, Fan Zhang, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2024)
A-AMB2022-01: Melt pool and laser coupling dynamics during high-power laser interactions with a bare metal surface.
- Ability of Simulate Absorption and Melt Pool Dynamics for Laser Melting of Bare Aluminum Plate: Results and Insights from the 2022 Asynchronous AM-Bench Challenge, Brian J. Simonds, Jack Tanner, Alexandra Artusio-Glimpse, Paul A. Williams, Niranjan Parab, Cang Zhao, Tao Sun, Cang Zhao, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 13, 175–184 (2024)
AMB2022-01: Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 3D builds of nickel-based superalloy IN718 test objects.
- Part Deflection Measurements of AM‑Bench IN718 3D Build Artifacts, Maxwell Praniewicz, Jason Fox, Jared Tarr, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2023)
- Phase composition and phase transformation of additive manufactured nickel alloy 718 AM Bench 2022 artifacts, Fan Zhang, Aaron C. Johnston-Peck, Lyle E. Levine, Michael B. Katz, Kil-Won Moon, Maureen E. Williams, Sandra W. Young, Andrew J. Allen, Olaf Borkiewicz, Jan Ilavsky, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 13, 185–200 (2024)
- Location-Specific Microstructure Characterization Within AM Bench 2022 Nickel Alloy 718 3D Builds, Lyle E. Levine, Maureen E Williams, Adam Creuziger, Mark R. Stoudt, Sandra A. Young, Brandon M. Lane, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2024)
- Elastic residual strain measurements of 3D additively manufactured builds of nickel alloy 718 AM Bench 2022 artifacts using energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Thien Phan, Hazar Șeren, Amlan Das, Peter Ko, Kelly Nygren, Lyle Levine, Integ Mater Manuf Innov 14, 14–24 (2025)
AMB2022-03: Individual laser tracks on bare metal plates of IN718 with different laser power, speed, and diameter settings. Also, arrays of adjacent laser tracks (pads) on bare metal plates of IN718 matching the odd and even layer scan patterns of the 2.5 mm thick leg from the 3D builds in AMB2022-01.
- Cross-sectional Melt Pool Geometry of Laser Scanned Tracks and Pads for the 2022 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Challenges, Jordan S. Weaver, David Deisenroth, Sergey Mekhontsev, Brandon M. Lane, Lyle E. Levine, Ho Yeung, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 13, 363–379, (2024)
- Location-Specific Microstructure Characterization Within AM Bench 2022 Laser Tracks on Bare Nickel Alloy 718 Plates, Lyle E. Levine, Maureen E. Williams, Mark R. Stoudt, Jordan S. Weaver, Sandra A. Young, David Deisenroth, Brandon M. Lane, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 13, 380–395 (2024)
AMB2022-04: Mechanical measurement extension to AMB2018-01: laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 3D builds of nickel-based superalloy IN625 test objects.
- Additive Manufacturing Benchmark 2022 Subcontinuum Mesoscale Tensile Challenge (CHAL-AMB2022-04-MeTT) and Summary of Predictions. Orion Kafka, Jake Benzing, Newell Moser, Li-Anne Liew, Jordan Weaver, Nik Hrabe, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 12, 196–209 (2023)
- AM Bench 2022 Macroscale Tensile Challenge at Different Orientations (CHAL-AMB2022-04-MaTTO) and Summary of Predictions, Newell Moser, Jake Benzing, Orion L. Kafka, Jordan Weaver, Nicholas Derimow, Ross Rentz, Nikolas Hrabe, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 13, 155–174 (2024)
- Heterogeneous deformation of as-built Alloy 625 with checkered columnar grains at different strain rates: (AMB2022-04), Saadi A. Habib, James S. Zuback, Jordan S. Weaver, Steven P. Mates, Lyle E. Levine, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 13, 866–882 (2024)
Data publications
All active AM Bench 2022 data links on this website point to data publications within the NIST PDR. Additional PDR datasets will be released as they become publicly available. Citation instructions for referencing the following AM Bench 2022 data are provided on each DOI landing page.
Publicly available AM Bench 2022 data publications
A-AMB2022-01: Melt pool and laser coupling dynamics during high-power laser interactions with a bare metal surface.
| A-AMB2022-01 Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| Asynchronous AM Bench 2022 Challenge Data: Real-time, simultaneous absorptance and high-speed X-ray imaging | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2525 |
AMB2022-01: Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 3D builds of nickel-based superalloy IN718 test objects.
| AMB2022-01 Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| AM Bench 2022 3D Build Modeling Challenge Description Data (AMB2022-01) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2607 |
| AM Bench 2022 Measurement Results Data: 3D Builds In-situ Thermography and data Processing Scripts | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2715 |
| AM Bench 2022 Microstructure Measurements for IN718 3D builds | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2692 |
| AM Bench 2022 Residual Elastic Strain, Residual Stress, and Part Deflection Measurements for IN718 3D Builds | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2711 |
| AM Bench 2022: IN718 Serial Sectioning and X-ray Computed Tomography Measurement Data | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2767 |
AMB2022-02: Laser powder bed fusion 3D builds of nickel-based superalloy IN718 test objects, produced using different laser scan patterns.
| AMB2022-02 Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| AM Bench 2022 3D Build with Custom Laser Scan Strategies Modeling Challenge (AMB2022-02) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2617 |
AMB2022-03: Individual laser tracks on bare metal plates of IN718 with different laser power, speed, and diameter settings. Also, arrays of adjacent laser tracks (pads) on bare metal plates of IN718 matching the odd and even layer scan patterns of the 2.5 mm thick leg from the 3D builds in AMB2022-01.
| AMB2022-03 Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| AM Bench 2022 Measurement Results Data: In-situ Thermography and Scan Strategy for Laser-scanned Single Tracks and Pads on Bare In718 (AMB2022-03) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2716 |
| AM Bench 2022 Measurement Results Data: Optical Microscopy of Laser-scanned Single Tracks and Pads (AMB2022-03) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2718 |
| AM Bench 2022: Cross sectional microstructure of single laser tracks produced using different processing conditions and 2D arrays of laser tracks (pads) on solid plates of nickel alloy 718 | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2775 |
AMB2022-04: Mechanical measurement extension to AMB2018-01: laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 3D builds of nickel-based superalloy IN625 test objects.
| AMB2022-04 Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| AM Bench 2022 challenge problem Subcontinuum Mesoscale Tensile Test (CHAL-AMB2022-04-MeTT) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2587 |
| AM Bench 2022 challenge Macroscale Tensile Tests at Different Orientations (CHAL-AMB2022-04-MaTTO) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2588 |
| Macroscale Compression at Different Temperatures and Orientations (CHAL-AMB2022-04-MaCTO) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2681 |
| AM Bench 2022 ASTM E8 Macroscale Tension at Different Strain Rates on As-built IN625 | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2760 |
| Coming soon - AM Bench 2022: In situ high energy X-ray diffraction during compression of additively manufactured IN625 at different temperatures | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2768 |
AMB2022-05: Microstructure measurement extension to AMB2018-01: laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 3D builds of nickel-based superalloy IN625 test objects.
| AMB2022-05 Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| AM Bench 2022 IN625 3D Build Microstructure Modeling Challenge Description Data (AMB2022-05) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2618 |
| AM Bench 2022 Microstructure Measurement Follow-On for AM Bench 2018 IN625 3D Builds | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2712 |
| AM Bench 2022 IN625 3D Microstructure Reconstructions | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2765 |
AMB2022-06: Thermoplastic material extrusion of polycarbonate and polylactic acid test objects.
Measurement and stability of the volumetric flow rate proved unreliable, so publication of the AMB2022-06 results are not currently planned.
AMB2022-07: Vat Photopolymerization Measurements of Cure Depth and Print Fidelity Vs. Varied Exposure Duration, Photopattern Dimensions, and Resin Characteristics.
| AMB2022-07 Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| AM Bench 2022 Vat Photopolymerization Challenge Data: Resin properties, light engine calibration, and calibration print dimensions (AMB2022-07) | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-3032 |
AM Bench 2022 Data Schema: Structure of searchable data and metadata curation system (ambench2022.nist.gov)
| AM Bench 2022 Data Schema Dataset | DOI |
|---|---|
| Additive Manufacturing Benchmark 2022 Schema | https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2933 |
Referencing the AM Bench 2018 Measurement Results
Most of the AM Bench 2018 data found on this website have also been published in journals, primarily in the journal Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, within the thematic section: Additive Manufacturing Benchmarks 2018. Please cite the relevant AM Bench 2018 publications whenever you use these data. Note that some of the publications are listed more than once since they include measurements from more than one set of benchmark measurements.
Overview
- Outcomes and Conclusions from the 2018 AM-Bench Measurements, Challenge Problems, Modeling Submissions, and Conference, Lyle Levine, Brandon Lane, Jarred Heigel, Kalman Migler, Mark Stoudt, Thien Phan, Richard Ricker, Maria Strantza, Michael Hill, Fan Zhang, Jonathan Seppala, Edward Garboczi, Erich Bain, Daniel Cole, Andrew Allen, Jason Fox, Carelyn Campbell, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2020)
AMB2018-01 – Metal 3D Builds
- In situ measurements of melt pool length and cooling rate during 3D builds of the metal AM-Bench artifacts, Jarred C Heigel, Brandon M Lane, Lyle E Levine, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2020)
- In Situ Thermography of the metal bridge structures fabricated for the 2018 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-Bench 2018), Jarred Heigel, Brandon Lane, Lyle Levine, Thien Phan, Justin Whiting, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 125, 125005 (2020)
- Phase Fraction and Evolution of Additively Manufactured (AM) 15-5 Stainless Steel and Inconel 625 AM-Bench Artifacts, Fan Zhang, Lyle Levine, Andrew Allen, Sandra Young, Maureen Williams, Mark Stoudt, Kil-Won Moon, Jarred Heigel, and Jan Ilavsky, Integr Mater Manuf Innov, 8, 362–377 (2019)
- Elastic residual strain and stress measurements and corresponding part deflections of 3D additive manufacturing builds of IN625 AM-Bench artifacts using neutron diffraction, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and contour method, Thien Q. Phan, Maria Strantza, Mike R. Hill, Thomas H. Gnaeupel-Herold, Jarred Heigel, Christopher R. D’Elia, Adrian T. DeWald, Bjorn Clausen, Darren C. Pagan, J. Y. Peter Ko, Donald W. Brown, Lyle E. Levine, Integr Mater Manuf Innov, 8, 318-334 (2019)
- Location-specific Microstructure Characterization Within IN625 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Artifacts, M.R. Stoudt, M.E. Williams, Lyle Levine, A. Creuziger, S.A. Young, J Heigel, B.M. Lane, T. Phan, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2020)
AMB2018-02 – Individual Laser Traces on Bare Metal Plates
- Measurements of Melt Pool Geometry and Cooling Rates of Individual Laser Traces on IN625 Bare Plates, Brandon Lane, Jarred Heigel, Richard Ricker, Ivan Zhirnov, Vladimir Khromschenko, Jordan Weaver, Thien Phan, Mark Stoudt, Sergey Mekhontsev, Lyle Levine, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2020)
- Topographic measurement of individual laser tracks in alloy 625 bare plates, Richard Ricker, Jarred Heigel, Brandon Lane, Ivan Zhirnov, Lyle Levine, Integr Mater Manuf Innov 8, 521-536 (2019)
- Location-specific Microstructure Characterization Within IN625 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Artifacts, M.R. Stoudt, M.E. Williams, Lyle Levine, A. Creuziger, S.A. Young, J Heigel, B.M. Lane, T. Phan, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2020)
AMB2018-03 – Polymer 3D Builds using Material Extrusion
- AMB2018-03: Benchmark physical property measurements for material extrusion additive manufacturing of polycarbonate, Daniel P. Cole, Frank Gardea, Todd C. Henry, Jonathan E. Seppala, Edward J. Garboczi, Kalman D. Migler, Christopher M. Shumeyko, Jeffrey R. Westrich, Sara V. Orski, Jeffrey L. Gair Jr., Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2020)
AMB2018-04 – Polymer 3D Builds using LPBF
- AMB2018-04: Benchmark Physical Property Measurements for Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Polyamide 12, Erich D. Bain, Edward J. Garboczi, Jonathan E. Seppala, Thomas C. Parker, Kalman B. Migler, Integr Mater Manuf Innov (2020)