An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Temperature Determination Methods on Copper Material for Highly Accelerated Electromigration Tests (e.g., SWEAT)
Published
Author(s)
Jochen von Hagen, Harry A. Schafft
Abstract
Highly accelerated electromigration tests conducted at wafer level require meaningful measurements of the stress temperature of the test line. Estimates of the test temperature can be made with the use of the temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR , before significant electromigration damage occurs and with the use of the thermal resistance of the test line as electromigration damage progresses to line failure. Each approach depends on an assumption of linearity: for the use of TCR it is the linear dependence of resistance on temperature, and for the use of thermal resistance it is the linear dependence of stress temperature on power dissipation. For testing aluminum test structures these assumptions are adequately well obeyed to approximately 300 degrees C. This is not the case for testing copper, the new metallization material. Stress temperatures as high as 600 degrees C are encountered in highly accelerated electromigration tests. At such high temperatures, the assumptions of linearity are no longer valid and large over-estimates of the stress temperature will result. We show how to correct TCR estimates of the stress temperature by the use of recommended values for the resisitivity of pure, bulk copper with temperature. We obtain a suitable value for the thermal resistance of the test structure from the slope of the temperature versus power dissipation curve at temperatures near the desired stress temperature. Uses of the approaches are demonstrated.
Proceedings Title
2002 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report
Conference Dates
October 21-24, 2002
Conference Location
Lake Tahoe, CA, USA
Conference Title
2002 Integrated Reliability Workshop
Pub Type
Conferences
Keywords
copper, reliability, temperature coefficient of resistance, test structures, testing, thermal resistance, electromigration
Citation
von Hagen, J.
and Schafft, H.
(2003),
Temperature Determination Methods on Copper Material for Highly Accelerated Electromigration Tests (e.g., SWEAT), 2002 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report, Lake Tahoe, CA, USA
(Accessed December 8, 2024)