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Displaying 26 - 50 of 256

A Review of Public Response to Short Message Alerts under Imminent Threat

January 9, 2018
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Jessie Doermann
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)’s Technical Investigation of the 2011 Joplin, MO tornado identified that no widely accepted standards exist for emergency communications in tornado events and more specifically, policies involving

Modelling and Influencing Human Behaviour in Fire

August 22, 2017
Author(s)
Steve Gwynne, Erica D. Kuligowski, Michael Kinsey, Lynn Hulse
The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual model of human behaviour in fire and its impact on evacuation modelling, life safety analyses, and evacuation procedures. This model is based on a theoretical framework of individual decision-making

Enhancing Egress Drills: Preparation and Assessment of Evacuee Performance

July 11, 2017
Author(s)
Steve Gwynne, Erica D. Kuligowski, Karen E. Boyce, Daniel Nilsson, Amanda Robbins, Ruggiero Lovreglio, J.R. Thomas, A. Roy-Poirier
This article explores how egress drills - specifically those related to fire incidents - are currently employed, their impact on safety levels, and the insights gained from them. It is suggested that neither the merits of egress drills are well understood

A Performance-Based Analysis of a Hotel Building Using Two Egress Models

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, James A. Milke
This report compares results from similar egress models based on documented evacuation movement data. When EXIT89 and Simulex1 are used to 1) simulate the same design scenarios and 2) perform a bounding analysis of the hotel building, differences in egress

Federal Investigation of the Evacuation of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jason D. Averill, Dennis S. Mileti, Richard D. Peacock, Erica D. Kuligowski, N Groner, Guylene Proulx, H Nelson
This paper presents the findings of the NIST World Trade Center Investigation describing the occupant evacuation of WTC 1 and WTC 2 on September 11, 2001. The egress system, including stairwells and elevators, is described along with the evacuation

Gender and Control in the 2001 World Trade Center Evacuation

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
Occupants in fire emergencies in buildings are presented with multiple pieces of information and environmental cues which produce varying levels of stress for the occupant. Occupants develop behavior response strategies to decrease their level of stress

What a User Should Know About Selecting an Evacuation Model

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve M. Gwynne
In recent years, evacuation models have been increasingly applied in an attempt to understand the outcome of emergency egress scenarios. This has been due to the introduction of performance-based codes and the availability of cost-effective, high