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Displaying 51 - 75 of 76

On the Ignition of Fuel Beds by Firebrands.

May 11, 2005
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Thomas G. Cleary, John R. Shields, Jiann C. Yang
An experimental apparatus has been built to investigate the ignition of fuel beds as a result of impact with burning firebrands. The apparatus allowed for the ignition and deposition of both single and multiple firebrands onto the target fuel bed. The

Flammability Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Effects of Nanotube Dispersion and Concentration

January 1, 2005
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, F Du, K Winey, K M. Groth, John R. Shields, S Bellayer, H J. Kim, Jack F. Douglas
The effects of the dispersion and concentration of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) on the flammability of polymer/SWNT nanocomposites were investigated. The polymer matrix was poly (methyl lmethacrylate) (PMMA) and the SWNT were dispersed using a

Thermal and Flammability Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

May 1, 2004
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, E A. Grulke, J N. Hilding, Richard H. Harris Jr., John R. Shields, Kathryn M. Butler, K M. Groth, S B. Kharchenko, Jack F. Douglas
The thermal and flammability properties of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube, (PP/MWNT) nanocomposites were measured with the MWNT content varied from 0.5 % to 4 % by mass. Dispersion of MWNTs in these nanocomposites was characterized by SEM and

Flame Retardant Mechanism of Polyamid 6 - Clay Nanocompsoites

February 1, 2004
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Richard H. Harris Jr., X H. Zhang, R M. Briber, Srinivasa R. Raghavan, W H. Awad, John R. Shields
The thermal and flammability properties of polyamide 6/clay (2 % and 5 % by mass) nanocomposites were measured to determine their flame retardant performance. The gasification process of the nanocomposite samples at an external radiant flux of 50 kW/m2 in

High Throughput Methods for Polymer Nanocomposites Research: Extrusion, Nmr Characterization and Flammability Property Screening.

November 1, 2003
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, S Bourbigot, John R. Shields, Marc R. Nyden, Takashi Kashiwagi, Rick D. Davis, David L. VanderHart, W Demory, C A. Wilkie, A B. Morgan, J R. Harris, R Lyon
Several, recent, revolutionary advances in combinatorial (or high throughput, HT) polymer science have appeared in the literature, which significantly accelerate the rate of data generation. Although these new HT approaches may in part have been inspired

Thermal and Flammability Properties of a Silica-PMMA Nanocomposite

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, A B. Morgan, Joseph M. Antonucci, Mark R. VanLandingham, Richard H. Harris Jr., W H. Awad, John R. Shields
PMMA, poly(metheylmethacrylate), nanocomposites were made by in situ radical polymerization of MMA, methylmethacrylate, with colloidal silica (ca. 12 nm) to study the effects of nanoscale silica particles on the physical properties and flammability

Flame Retardant Mechanism of Silica - Effects of Molecular Weight of Resin

April 1, 2003
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., Rick D. Davis
The effects of resin molecular weight, M w, on the flame retardant mechanism of silica were studied using two different molecular weights of PMMA, 122,000 g/mol and 996,000 g/mol and two silicas, fused silica with a low surface area and silica gel with a

Thermal and Flammability Properties of a Silica-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Nanocomposite

January 1, 2003
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, A B. Morgan, Joseph M. Antonucci, Mark R. VanLandingham, Richard H. Harris Jr., W H. Awad, John R. Shields
MMA, poly(metheylmethacrylate), nanocomposites were made by in situ radical polymerization of MMA, methylmethacrylate, with colloidal silica (ca. 12 nm) to study the effects of nanoscale silica particles on the physical properties and flammability

Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites from Thermally Stable Trialkylimidazolium-Treated Montmorillonite.

December 1, 2002
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, W H. Awad, Rick D. Davis, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., C H. Davis, A B. Morgan, T E. Sutto, J H. Callahan, Paul C. Trulove, H DeLong
The limited thermal stability of alkylammonium cations intercalated into smectite minerals (e.g., montmorillonite, MMT) and the processing instability of some polymers [polyamide-6 (PA-6) and polystyrene (PS)] in the presence of nanodispersed MMT have

Development of High Throughput Methods for Polymer Nanocomposite Research

October 22, 2002
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Rick D. Davis, Marc R. Nyden, Takashi Kashiwagi, John R. Shields, W -. Demory
This chapter will present an overview of the development of two high throughput (HT) methods: 1) preparation of formulated polymer libraries using extrusion, 2) screening of flammability properties using flame spread measurements.

Polymer Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites from Thermally Stable Trialkyl-Imidazolium Treated Montmorillonite

August 16, 2002
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, W H. Awad, Rick D. Davis, Cher H. Davis, John R. Shields, T E. Sutto, Richard H. Harris Jr., A B. Morgan, J H. Callahan, Paul C. Trulove, Hugh C. De Long
The limited thermal stability of alkyl ammonium cations and the processing instability of some polymers (polyamide-6 (PA-6) and polystyrene (PS)) in the presence of nanodispersed montmorillonite (MMT) has motivated the development of improved organophillic

Burning Behavior of Selected Automotive Parts From a Sports Coupe.

December 1, 2001
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, John R. Shields
Selected functional parts from a sports coupe were subjected to a gas: flame ignition source and burned in a manner that allowed measurement of the resulting total heat release rate and heat fluxes to the surroundings. This is the second part of a study

NIST/BFRL CALIBRATION SYSTEM FOR HEAT-FLUX GAGES

August 6, 2001
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, James R. Lawson, John R. Shields
This report of test describes a heat-flux gage calibration system that was developed at the National Bureau of Standards during the 1970s. It is based on a commercial radiant heater incorporating a tungsten lamp and elliptical mirror. A kaleidoscope flux

Flame Retardant Mechanism of Silica Gel/Silica

November 1, 2000
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Kathryn M. Butler, Richard H. Harris Jr., John R. Shields, A Asano
Various types of silica, silica gel, fumed silicas and fused silica were added to polypropylene and polyethylene oxide to determine their flame retardant effectiveness and mechanisms. Polypropylene was chosen as a non-char-forming thermoplastic and

Exploring the Role of Polymer Melt Viscosity in Melt Flow and Flammability Behavior

October 15, 2000
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, John R. Shields, Kathryn M. Butler, Belinda L. Collins, Momar D. Seck
Thermoplastic polymers are widely used in roles where molding facilitates cost effective, high volume applications. Such polymers exhibit uniquely complex behavior in a fire because of their tendency to liquefy and flow. This behavior was explored in two

Flammability Assessment Methodology for Mattresses (NISTIR 6497)

June 1, 2000
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, John R. Shields, Roy A. McLane, Richard G. Gann
This study addresses the fire behavior of bed assemblies, including a mattress, foundation and bedclothes. The focus is on development and application of a reproducible means of simulating the thermal impact which burning bedclothes materials impose on a

Influence of Surface Silica on the Pyrolysis of Silicones (NISTIR 6242)

October 1, 1998
Author(s)
R R. Buch, John R. Shields, Takashi Kashiwagi, Thomas Cleary, Kenneth D. Steckler
Silicones encompass a wide variety of noval materials that find applications in virtually every major industry sector. The dominant polymer in the silicone industry is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The combustion of long chain PDMS exhibits a low heat

Burning Behavior of Selected Automotive Parts From a Minivan.

August 1, 1998
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, John R. Shields
Selected functional parts from a minivan were subjected to a gas flame ignition source and burned in a manner that allowed measurement of the resulting total heat release rate, mass loss and heat fluxes to the surroundings. This study was undertaken to: (1

Pool Burning of Silicone Fluids (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
R Buch, Anthony Hamins, John R. Shields, P. Borthwick, R T. Baum, Marc R. Nyden, Takashi Kashiwagi
Siloxane fluids have a number of industrial applications including use as transformer fluids. The objective of the present study was to improve our understanding of the burning of siloxane fluids. The fluids studied are octamethylcyclotetra siloxane, [(CH3