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Displaying 126 - 150 of 157

Selection of Calibration Particles for Scanning Surface Inspection Systems

August 8, 1996
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner, Walter S. Liggett Jr, B W. Scheer, R. K. Goodall
In response to the semiconductor industry's need for both smaller calibration particles and more accurately sized larger particles, a joint SEMATECH, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and VLSI Standards, Inc. project was initiated to

Scaling Compartment Fires - Reduced- and Full-Scale Enclosure Burns.

September 10, 1995
Author(s)
Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson, William M. Pitts
An extensive series of over 140 natural gas fires in a 2/5ths-scale model of a standard room has been previously reported. This work extends the earlier reduced-scale enclosure (RSE) study to a full-scale enclosure (FSE) and focuses on comparing the gas

Combustion Product Formation in Under and Overventilated Full-Scale Enclosure Fires

April 23, 1995
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson
The findings of an extensive series of over 140 natural gas fires in a 2/5ths-scale model of a standard room have been previously reported. The current work extends the earlier reduced-scale enclosure (RSE) study to a full-scale enclosure (FSE) and focuses

Fire-Induced Mass Flow Into a Reduced-Scale Enclosure (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
Erik L. Johnsson, Nelson P. Bryner, William M. Pitts
Enclosure fires are of great interest because of the resulting loss of life and property, yet the fluid dynamic and chemical behaviors of fires within enclosures are still not well understood. In recent decades, it has become clear that burning rates, fire

Carbon Monoxide Formation in Fires by High-Temperature Anaerobic Wood Pyrolysis

July 31, 1994
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Erik L. Johnsson, Nelson P. Bryner
Building fire fatalities often occur at locations remote from the room where the fire is actually burning. The majority of these fire deaths are the result of smoke inhalation, primarily due to exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). Although causing nearly 2500

Comparison of a Fractal Smoke Optics Model With Light Extinction Measurements

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
R A. Dobbins, George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
Optical cross-sections of carbonaceous aggregates (smoke) formed by combustion sources have been computed based on fractal concepts. Specific extinction depends upon the primary particle size, the structure of the aggregate as represented by the fractal

Radiometric Model of the Transmission Cell-Reciprocal Nephelometer

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
A radiometric model has been developed to assess the effects of angular truncation, finite size of the detector, and angle response characteristics of the cosine sensor on the measurement of the total scattering coefficient by a transmission cell

Production Mechanisms for Carbon Monoxide in Enclosure Fires

March 15, 1993
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson
Roughly two thirds of all deaths resulting from enclosure fires can be attributed to the presence of carbon monoxide (CO), which is known to be the dominant toxicant in fire deaths. The mechanisms responsible for the generation of high concentrations of CO
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