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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 24801 - 24825 of 73697

Mechanics behind 4-D interferometric measurement of biofilm mediated tooth decay

May 16, 2011
Author(s)
Michael S. Waters, Bin (. Yang, Nancy J. Lin, Sheng Lin-Gibson
Evaluating the efficacy of dental materials to protect human teeth requires the capacity to measure tooth accurately and precisely decay. Current practices for determining tooth decay are destructive, qualitative to lowly quantitative, and/or measure bulk

Spatial dependence of output pulse delay in a niobium nitride nanowire superconducting single-photon detector

May 16, 2011
Author(s)
Sae Woo Nam, J. A. O'Connor, Michael Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, G. S. Buller, R. J. Warburton, S Miki, Z. Wang, Robert Hadfield
We report on the position-dependent variation in output pulse timing across a superconducting single- photon detector. Our device consists of a single niobium nitride nanowire meander (100 nm width, 4 nm film thickness, 2 mm length). We use a confocal

Tumor volume measurement errors RECIST studied with realistic tumor models

May 16, 2011
Author(s)
Benjamin R. Galloway, Adele Peskin, Zachary H. Levine
RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) is a linear measure intended to predict tumor volume in medical computed tomography (CT). In this work, using purely geometrical considerations, we estimate how well RECIST can predict the volume of

Usability and Accessibility in Consumer Health Informatics: Current Trends and Future Challenges

May 16, 2011
Author(s)
Larry Goldberg, Bettijoyce B. Lide, Svetlana Z. Lowry, Holly Massett, Whitney Quesenbery, Ben Schneiderman
People arrive at health applications with expectations from the rest of their lives and those expectations are rapidly rising. Beyond basic access to their own health records and to their healthcare providers, consumers expect their health information to

Bottlenose Dolphins as Indicators of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Waters Along the US East and Gulf of Mexico Coasts

May 15, 2011
Author(s)
John R. Kucklick, Lori Schwacke, Randall S. Wells, Aleta Hohn, Aurore Guichard, Jennifer Yordy, Larry Hansen, Eric Zolman, Rachel Wilson, J. L. Litz, Doug Nowacek, Teresa Rowles, Rebecca S. Pugh, Brian C. Balmer, Carrie Sinclair, Patricia Rosel
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including legacy POPs (PCBs, chlordanes, mirex, DDTs, HCB, and dieldrin) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants were determined in 300 blubber biopsy samples from coastal and near shore/estuarine male

Electromigration of Cu Interconnects Under AC and DC Test Conditions

May 15, 2011
Author(s)
Robert R. Keller, David T. Read, Roey Shaviv, Greg Harm, Sangita Kumari
Electromigration of a 65 nm technology generation test vehicle was measured using DC, AC followed by DC, and three rectangular wave DC stressing conditions at 598 K. In some of the experiments samples were allowed to cool to room temperature between stress

MSEL Sustainability Seminar Series (2009)

May 15, 2011
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Kathryn L. Beers, Richard E. Ricker, Martin L. Green
An MSEL Sustainability Seminar Series took place in 2009, aimed at the following goals: (1) to introduce this important subject matter to our staff and (2) to learn and discuss the metrology needs for materials for sustainability applications. Since

Reproducibility and Robustness of a Real-Time Microfluidic Cell Toxicity Assay

May 15, 2011
Author(s)
Gregory A. Cooksey, John T. Elliott, Anne L. Plant
Numerous opportunities exist to apply microfluidic technology to high-throughput and high-content cell-based assays. However, maximizing the value of these assays for drug discovery, screening or toxicity evaluation, for example, will require validation of

Amplification of the optical absorption cross section for aerosols of soot with a nonabsorbing coating from photoacoustic measurements

May 13, 2011
Author(s)
Pedro Bueno, Daniel K. Havey, George W. Mulholland, Joseph T. Hodges, Keith A. Gillis, Russell R. Dickerson, Michael R. Zachariah
A quantitative understanding of the absorption and scattering properties of mixed soot and aerosol particles is necessary for evaluating the Earth's energy balance. Uncertainty in the net radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosols is relatively large and

Binary amplitude holograms made from dyed photoresist

May 13, 2011
Author(s)
Quandou (. Wang, Ulf Griesmann, John H. Burnett
A method for fabricating binary amplitude holograms from a dyed photoresist is described. It is of particular interest for holograms that are used as null lenses in the form metrology of aspheric surfaces and wavefronts. A pigment that strongly absorbs

An IEEE 1451.5-802.11 Standard-based Wireless Sensor Network with Embedded WTIM

May 12, 2011
Author(s)
Eugene Song, Kang B. Lee, Steven E. Fick, Alkan Donmez
This paper introduces a reference implementation of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451.5-802.11 standard-based wireless sensor network (WSN) developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The WSN

Rotational Grain Boundaries in Graphene

May 12, 2011
Author(s)
Eric J. Cockayne, Gregory M. Rutter, N Guisinger, Jason Crain, Joseph A. Stroscio, Phillip First
Defects in graphene are of interest for their effect on electronic transport in this two-dimensional material. Point defects of typically two-fold and three-fold symmetry have long been observed in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of graphite

Imaging Cells in Polymer Scaffolds by X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography

May 11, 2011
Author(s)
Shauna M. Dorsey, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Carl Simon Jr.
We have investigated the ability of X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) to make quantitative, three-dimensional (3D) measurements of cell adhesion and proliferation in polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds. The most common method for examining cells in

Neutron Backscattering

May 11, 2011
Author(s)
B. Frick, Dan A. Neumann
We review the status of neutron backscattering spectrometers on reactors and spallation sources including the most recent instrument developments. After setting the stage by looking briefly at the history of backscattering instruments, we review the

Of Passwords and People: Measuring the Effect of Password-Composition Policies

May 11, 2011
Author(s)
Serge M. Egelman, Saranga Komanduri, Richard Shay, Patrick G. Kelley, Michelle L. Mazurek, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie F. Cranor
Text-based passwords are the most common mechanism for authenticating humans to computer systems. To prevent users from picking passwords that are too easy for an adversary to guess, system administrators adopt password-composition policies (e.g

Recent developments in the NIST Atomic Databases

May 11, 2011
Author(s)
Alexander Kramida
New versions of the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD, v. 4.0) and three bibliographic databases (Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra, v. 2.0, Atomic Transition Probabilities, v. 9.0, and Atomic Line Broadening and Shapes, v. 3.0) have recently been released

Semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory for graphene multilayers

May 11, 2011
Author(s)
Hongki Min, Parakh Jain, Shaffique Adam, Mark D. Stiles
We calculate the conductivity of arbitrarily stacked multilayer graphene sheets within a relaxation time approximation by considering both short-range and long-range impurities. We investigate theoretically the feasibility of identifying the stacking order

Simulation and Analysis for Sustainability in Manufacturing Processes

May 11, 2011
Author(s)
Mahesh Mani, Kevin W. Lyons, Alexander P. Muroyama, Bjorn J. Johansson
Sustainability has become a ubiquitous term in almost every field, especially in engineering design and manufacturing. Recently, an increased awareness of environmental problems and resource depletion has led to an emphasis on environmentally friendly

Field-test of a robust, portable, frequency-stable laser

May 10, 2011
Author(s)
David R. Leibrandt, Michael J. Thorpe, James C. Bergquist, Till P. Rosenband
We operate a frequency-stable laser in a non-laboratory environment where the test platform is a passenger vehicle. We measure the acceleration experienced by the laser and actively correct for it to achieve a system acceleration sensitivity of df/f = 11(2
Displaying 24801 - 24825 of 73697
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