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Displaying 151 - 175 of 143687

The Character of Burning Residential and Office Items

March 31, 2025

Author(s)

Anthony Hamins, Giovanni Di Cristina Torres, Matthew Bundy, Anthony Chakalis, Marco Fernandez, Ickchan Kim, Selvarajah Ramesh, Mauro Zammarano

A series of experiments are reported on the burning behavior of single items and assemblies commonly found in offices and residences, including chairs, sofas, mattresses with pillows and bedclothes, and some miscellaneous items such as laptops, bookshelves

Thoughts on the Kibble-Robinson Theory

March 31, 2025

Author(s)

Lorenz Keck, Kumar Arumugam, Leon Chao, Zane Comden, Frank Seifert, David Newell, Darine El Haddad, Stephan Schlamminger

We revisit the Kibble-Robinson Theory (KRT), first proposed in 2014 by Kibble and Robinson, which significantly simplifies the construction and operation of Kibble balances. We conducted a theoretical investigation of the theory's assumptions, using a

Uncertainty of the measurement of the frequency dependence of four-terminal pair capacitance with a four-channel vector network analyzer

March 31, 2025

Author(s)

Stephan Schlamminger, Andrew Koffman, Yicheng Wang

We recently overhauled the calibration service for the frequency dependence of four-terminal pair air capacitors provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to its customers. In the past, the calibration was performed with a dual-channel

Critical assessment of RNA and DNA structure predictions via Artificial Intelligence: the imitation game

March 30, 2025

Author(s)

Christina Bergonzo, Alexander Grishaev

Computational predictions of biomolecular structure via artificial intelligence (AI) based approaches, as exemplified by AlphaFold software, have the potential to model of all life's biomolecules. We performed oligonucleotide structure prediction and

Increased Efficiency in Planar Near-Field Scanning Using Combined Multi-Robot Motion

March 30, 2025

Author(s)

Benjamin Moser, Joshua Gordon, Andrew J. Petruska

Robotic antenna ranges are highly configurable, but traditional pose selection methods do not utilize the collaborative capability presented by these positioners. We present methods to reduce measurement time during planar scanning on robotic antenna

Multi-class steroid profiling in short-finned pilot whale blubber using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

March 30, 2025

Author(s)

Jillian Wisse, Douglas Nowacek, Ashley Russell

Rationale: Wildlife scientists are quantifying steroid hormones in a growing number of tissue types and employing novel methods which must undergo validation before application. This study tested the accuracy and precision of liquid chromatography-tandem

Marine debris impacts on Hawaiian green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas): High prevalence of hook-and-line fishing gear in strandings

March 29, 2025

Author(s)

Marthe Hoiberg, Jan Borgelt, Philip Mostert, Shawn Murakawa, Summer Martin, Jon Gelman, Jennifer Lynch, Francesca Verones

Stranding data are critical for monitoring threats to sea turtles. By analyzing four decades of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) strandings from the Main Hawaiian Islands, we elucidate temporal and spatial trends. In Hawai'i, fibropapillomatosis (FP) has been

Ultra-low field magnetic resonance breast imaging for compact proton therapy systems

March 29, 2025

Author(s)

Friderike Longarino, Sheng Shen, Neha Koonjoo, Torben Hornung, Rachel Jimenez, Elie Mehanna, John Burge, Zoelle Wilson, Kathryn Keenan, Thomas Bortfeld, Matthew Rosen, Susu Yan

Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of trans-1,2-Dichloroethene [R-1130(E)]

March 28, 2025

Author(s)

Marcia Huber, Andrei Kazakov, Eric Lemmon

We present an empirical equation of state in terms of the Helmholtz energy for trans-1,2-dichloroethene [R-1130(E)]. The range of validity is from the triple-point temperature to 525 K with pressures up to 30 MPa. It may be used to calculate all

CCQM-P199b: Interlaboratory comparability study of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number quantification

March 27, 2025

Author(s)

Alison Devonshire, Eloise Busby, Gerwyn Jones, Denise O'Sullivan, Ana Fernandez-Gonzalez, Laura Hernandez-Hernandez, Xinhua Dai, Lianhua Dong, Chunyan Niu, Jie Xie, Xia Wang, Xiaoting Qiao, Xiang Fang, Clare Morris, Neil Almond, Megan Cleveland, Peter Vallone, Esther Castro Galvan, Melina Perez Urquiza, Mercedes Guadalupe Herrera Lopez, Arifa Khan, Sandra Fuentes, Elsa Baumeister, John Emerson Leguizamon Guerrero, Sergio Luis Davila Gonzalez, Andres Felipe Leon Torres, Aurea Folgueras-Flatschart, Marcelo Neves de Medeiros, Antonio Marcos Saraiva, Roberto Becht Flatschart, Carla Divieto, Mattia Pegoraro, Massimo Zucco, Laura Revel, Marco Mazzara, Philippe Corbisier, Gerhard Buttinger, Young-Kyung Bae, Alexandra Bogozalec Kosir, Mojca Milavec, Malcolm Hawkins, A. Pia Sanzone, Phattarapornn Morris, Sasithon Temisak, David Lynch, Jacob McLaughlin, Michael Forbes-Smith, Felicity Hall, Daniel Burke, Sachie Shibayama, Shin-ichiro Fujii, Megumi Kato, Samreen Falak, Rainer Macdonald, Andreas Kummrow, Andrey Komissarov, Sema Akyurek, Muslum Akgoz, Maxim Vonsky, Andrey Runov, Elena Kulyabina, Denis Rebrikov, Jim Huggett

RNA is the analyte targeted by nucleic acid amplification tests for SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. RNA concentration measured in respiratory specimens can vary by over nine orders of magnitude (1, 2). While RNA abundances

Exploration of the viability of TiN/TiOX ReRAM in Computational Random-Access Memory (CRAM)

March 27, 2025

Author(s)

Brandon Zink, Advait Madhavan, William Borders, Jabez McClelland

In-memory computing is a promising solution for solving the Von-Neumann bottleneck. In particular, computational random-access memory (CRAM) is a promising form of in-memory computing where cascading logic operations can be performed directly within the

New beyond-Voigt line-shape pro le recommended for the HITRAN database

March 27, 2025

Author(s)

Piotr Wcislo, N. Stolarczyk, M. Slowinski, H. Jozwiak, Daniel Lisak, R. Ciurylo, A. Cygan, F. Schreier, C.D. Boone, A. Castrillo, L. Gianfrani, Y. Tan, S-M. Hu, Erin Adkins, Joseph Hodges, H. Tran, H.N. Ngo, J.M- Hartmann, A. Campargue, S. Beguier, R.J. Hargreaves, L.S. Rothman, I.E. Gordon

Parameters associated with the collisional perturbation of spectral lines are essential for modeling the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in planetary atmospheres. The HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database provides these parameters, although

On the Possibility of Adding a Repeatability Requirement for the Indirect Verification of Charpy Machines in ASTM E23

March 27, 2025

Author(s)

Enrico Lucon

Since 1989, the NIST Charpy Machine Verification Program in Boulder, Colorado has been indirectly verifying Charpy machines around the world according to ASTM E23, Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials, and ISO 148-2

ABLE: Using Adversarial Pairs to Construct Local Models for Explaining Model Predictions

March 26, 2025

Author(s)

Yu Lei, Raghu Kacker, David Kuhn

Machine learning models are increasingly used in critical applications but are mostly "black boxes" due to their lack of transparency. Local explanation approaches, such as LIME [26], address this issue by approximating the behavior of complex models near

Informational Scientific Primers for Officers of the Court: Intended to Strengthen Use of Forensic Science Evidence

March 26, 2025

Author(s)

JP Jones, Laurel Farrell, Lisa M. Benson

Officers of the Court including judges and attorneys can benefit from receiving information from neutral sources to inform their understanding of foundational scientific and forensic science principles. Inspired by a request from Congress and a National

Response to "Comment on 'Third density and acoustic virial coefficients of helium isotopologues from ab initio calculations'"

March 26, 2025

Author(s)

Daniele Binosi, Giovanni Garberoglio, Allan Harvey

This is a Response to a Comment concerning apparent differences between our published calculations for the third virial coefficient of Helium-3 at cryogenic temperatures and some experimental data sources.

Differential chirped-pulse dual-comb spectroscopy for complex line shape fitting the R(6) manifold of the 2n3 band of methane

March 25, 2025

Author(s)

Jasper Stroud, David Plusquellic

In this manuscript, we use a dual electro-optic comb system (EO-OFC) and a differential chirped-pulse down conversion technique to study the R(6) manifold of the 2ν3 band (1645 nm) of methane at low pressure ( 1 kPa). In the frequency domain, the EO-OFC

Adversarial Machine Learning: A Taxonomy and Terminology of Attacks and Mitigations

March 24, 2025

Author(s)

Apostol Vassilev, Alina Oprea, Alie Fordyce, Hyrum Anderson, Xander Davies, Maia Hamin

This NIST Trustworthy and Responsible AI report provides a taxonomy of concepts and defines terminology in the field of adversarial machine learning (AML). The taxonomy is arranged in a conceptual hierarchy that includes key types of ML methods, life cycle

Computational and Theoretical Study of Colloidal Monolayers with Short-Range Attractions and Dipolar Repulsions

March 21, 2025

Author(s)

Chieh-Chih Yeh, Harold Hatch, Adithya Sreenivasan, Bhuvnesh Bharti, Vincent Shen, Zachary Sherman, Thomas Truskett

This study explores the structure and phase behavior of monolayers of model colloids with short-range attractions and long-range repulsions, The model is motivated by recent experiments of hard-sphere-like microspheres that effectively interact via

A method to calibrate angular positioning errors using a laser tracker and a plane mirror

March 20, 2025

Author(s)

Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Katharine Shilling, Vincent Lee, Olga Ridzel, Glenn Holland, John Villarrubia

We describe a method to calibrate angular positioning errors of a rotation stage using a laser tracker (LT), a plane mirror mounted on the stage, and stationary registration nests placed around the stage. Our technique involves determining the direction of

Electron transport in bilayer graphene nanoconstrictions patterned using atomic force microscope nanolithography

March 20, 2025

Author(s)

Robert Rienstra, Nishat Sultana, En-Min Shih, Evan Stocker, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Curt Richter, Joseph Stroscio, Nikolai Zhitenev, Fereshte Ghahari Kermani

Here we report on low temperature transport measurements of encapsulated bilayer graphene nano constrictions fabricated employing electrode-free AFM-based local anodic oxidation (LAO) nanolithography. This technique allows for the creation of constrictions

Many-Body Gap Protection of Motional Dephasing of an Optical Clock Transition

March 20, 2025

Author(s)

Zhijing Niu, Vera Schafer, Haoqing Zhang, Cameron Wagner, Nathan Taylor, Dylan Young, Eric Song, Anjun Chu, Ana Rey Ayala, James Thompson

Quantitative hyperspectral microscopy from single cell to tissue imaging

March 20, 2025

Author(s)

Jeeseong Hwang

This paper showcases recent research at NIST on quantitative hyperspectral imaging of single cells and tissues with a variety of imaging contrasts including scattering reflectance, transmission, and dark-field and with supervised and unsupervised data

Suspect Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in New Firefighter Turnout Gear Textiles

March 20, 2025

Author(s)

Andrew Maizel, Andre Thompson, Benjamin Place, Alix Rodowa, Jessica Reiner, Audrey Tombaugh, Halen Solomon, Brittany Stinger, Michelle Donnelly, Rick Davis

Firefighter turnout gear provides protection from exposure to flame, heat, and liquids, but has also been found to contain numerous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Previous examinations of PFAS in firefighter turnout gear have predominantly

BRDF measurements of ultra-black materials with THz quantum cascade lasers

March 19, 2025

Author(s)

Patrick McArdle, Bradley Pelz, Christopher Yung, Nathan Tomlin, John Lehman, Michelle Stephens

In this work we describe the use of a THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) to perform bi-directional reflectance distribution (BRDF) measurements. In particular we are interested in the reflectance properties of ultra-black absorbers for use in detector devices

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