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Displaying 351 - 375 of 945

An Antimony Selenide Molecular Ink for Flexible Broadband Photodetectors

August 3, 2016

Author(s)

Ratan K. Debnath, MD R. Hasan, Arunima Singh, Vladimir P. Oleshko, Shiqi Guo, Asha Rani, Abhishek Motayed, Nhan V. Nguyen, Albert Davydov

The need for low-cost high-performance broadband photon detection with sensitivity in the near infrared (NIR) has driven interest in new materials that combine high absorption with traditional electronic infrastructure (CMOS) compatibility. Here, we

Cryogenic Etching of High Aspect Ratio 400 nm Pitch Silicon Gratings

July 29, 2016

Author(s)

Houxun Miao, Lei Chen, Mona Mirzaeimoghri, Richard Kasica, Han Wen

The cryogenic process and Bosch process are two widely used processes for reactive ion etching of high aspect ratio silicon structures. This paper focuses on the cryogenic deep etching of 400.0 nm pitch silicon gratings. By creating a metal hard mask on

Comparison of Electron Imaging Modes for Dimensional Measurements in the Scanning Electron Microscope

July 25, 2016

Author(s)

Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, John S. Villarrubia

Linewidth measurements from secondary electron (SE) images were compared to those from backscattered electron (BSE) and low-loss electron (LLE) images. With the commonly used 50 % threshold criterion, the lines appeared larger in the SE images. Since the

Introducing a New NIST Reference Material: Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Soot

July 25, 2016

Author(s)

Ann C. Chiaramonti Debay, Ryan M. White, Jason D. Holm, Elisabeth Mansfield

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) play a significant role in the nascent nanotechnology industry, due to their remarkable combination of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. These materials are specialty additives, reinforcing a diverse

Li Diffusion in All-Solid-State Batteries Imaged Through Optically and Electron Transparent Electrodes

July 24, 2016

Author(s)

Alexander Yulaev, Alec Talin, Leite Marina, Andrei Kolmakov

We report spatially- and depth-resolved study of Li intercalation into a thin-film solid electrolyte applying a combination of optical and electron microscopy. Due to difference in electron yield from pristine and lithiated LiPON regions, the Li transport

Feasibility study on 3-D shape analysis of high-aspect-ratio features using through-focus scanning optical microscopy

July 14, 2016

Author(s)

Ravikiran Attota, Peter Weck, John A. Kramar, Bunday Benjamin, Victor H. Vartanian

In-line metrologies currently used in the semiconductor industry are being challenged by the aggressive pace of device scaling and the adoption of novel device architectures. Metrology and process control of three-dimensional (3D) high-aspect-ratio (HAR)

Bioaccumulation of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Tetrahymena thermophila by Direct Feeding or Trophic Transfer

July 11, 2016

Author(s)

Monika Mortimer, Elijah Petersen, Bruce A. Buchholz, Eduardo Orias, Patricia Holden

Consumer goods contain multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that could be released during product life cycles into the environment, where their effects are uncertain. Here, we assessed MWCNT bioaccumulation in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila via

Nanostructured Surface Phonon Polariton Systems for Mid-Infrared Nanophotonics

July 1, 2016

Author(s)

Alexander Giles, Richard Kasica, Joshua Caldwell

In this article, novel, phonon-based silicon carbide nanopillar antenna arrays are described. Using fabricated SiC structures, sub-diffractional, localized resonances are observed with exceptionally high quality factors (40-305) and corresponding high

Parameter optimization for through-focus scanning optical microscopy

June 23, 2016

Author(s)

Ravikiran Attota, Hyeong G. Kang

Nanomaterials in the aquatic environment: An EU-USA perspective on the status of ecotoxicity testing, research priorities and challenges ahead

June 19, 2016

Author(s)

Selck Henriette, Richard Handy, Teresa Fernandes, Stephen Klaine, Elijah Petersen

The US-EU Community of Research (CoR) was established in 2012 to provide a platform for scientists to develop a ‘shared repertoire of protocols and methods to overcome nanoEHS research gaps and barriers' (www.us-eu.org/). Based on work within the

Hydrodynamic Radius Fluctuations in Model DNA-Grafted Nanoparticles

June 16, 2016

Author(s)

Luis Fernando Vargas Lara, Francis W. Starr, Jack F. Douglas

We utilize molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and the path-integration program ZENO to quantify hydrodynamic radius (Rh) fluctuations of spherical symmetric gold nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with single-stranded DNA chains (ssDNA). In particular, we

Considerations of Environmentally-Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials

June 8, 2016

Author(s)

Patricia Holden, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, Frederick Klaessig, Ronald Turco, Monika Mortimer, Kerstin Hund-Rinke, David Avery, Damia Barcelo, Renata Behra, Yoram Cohen, Laurence Deydier-Stephan, Barbara Harthorn, Danail Hristozov, John Johnston, Agnes Kane, Larry Kaputska, Arturo Keller, Hunter Lenihan, Wess Lovell, Catherine Murphy, Roger Nisbet, Elijah Petersen, Martin Scheringer, Monita Sharma, David Speed, Yasir Sultan, Jason White, Eva Wong, Baoshan Xing, Meghan Steele Horan, Hilary Godwin, Andre Nel

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) entering the environment could impact biological populations or entire ecosystems. Ecotoxicology aims to determine effective concentrations, which often exceed those in the environment. ENM behaviors in complex media impede

Particle size-dependent environmental release of semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films

May 31, 2016

Author(s)

Li Piin Sung, Karthik V. Pillai, Patrick Gray, Reiner Bleher, Timothy V. Duncan

Concomitant with the development of polymer nanocomposite (PNC) technologies across numerous industries is an expanding awareness of the uncertainty with which engineered nanoparticles embedded within these materials may be released into the external

Development of surface chemical approaches for detection and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a polymer composite

May 23, 2016

Author(s)

Justin M. Gorham, William A. Osborn, Jeremiah W. Woodcock, Jeffrey W. Gilman

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and other carbon nanofillers are used in different applications to enhance the materials and electrical properties of consumer products such as polymer composites. As a result, concern has arisen regarding the

NanoRelease Consumer Products: Developing consensus measurement approaches for the analysis of release materials from nanocomposites

May 23, 2016

Author(s)

Keana C. Scott, Frederick Meisenkothen

The number of consumer and industrial products that are nano-enabled and/or nano-enhanced has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The nano-composite materials offer an exciting mix of material properties that cannot be achieved in conventional

Antioxidant Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine

May 17, 2016

Author(s)

Bryant Nelson, Monique Johnson, Marlon L. Walker, Kathryn R. Riley, Christopher Sims

Previously, catalytic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, nanoceria, CeO2-x NPs) have been widely utilized for chemical mechanical planarization in the semiconductor industry and for reducing harmful emissions and improving fuel combustion efficiency in the

Intensity Ratio of Resonant Raman Modes for (n,m) Enriched Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes

April 29, 2016

Author(s)

Yanmei Piao, Jeffrey R. Simpson, Jason K. Streit, Geyou Ao, Ming Zheng, Angela R. Hight Walker

Relative intensities of resonant Raman spectral features, specifically the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G modes, of eleven chirality-enriched single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) species were established under second-order optical transition excitation

Engineered metal nanoparticles in the sub-nanomolar levels kill cancer cells

April 18, 2016

Author(s)

Yasmine C. Daniels, William A. MacCrehan, Shinichiro Muramoto, Gheorghe NMN Stan, Vitaly Vodyanoy, Oleg Pustovyy

Zinc and copper metal nanoparticles were produced from bulk metal rods by an underwater high-voltage discharge method. The metal nanoparticles, with estimated diameters of 1 nm to 2 nm, were determined to be more than 85 % non-oxidized. Exposure of rat RG2

Influence of Nanoparticle Processing and Additives on PES Casting Solution Viscosity and Cast Membrane Characteristics

April 12, 2016

Author(s)

Lauren F. Greenlee, Nikki S. Rentz

Nanoparticle stabilizer type, casting solution additives, and nanoparticle processing by centrifugal or magnetic separation were varied, and specific membrane characteristics were evaluated. Specifically, membrane casting solution viscosity, cast membrane

Kinetics of Photodegradation and Nanoparticle Surface Accumulation of a Nanosilica/Epoxy Coating Exposed to UV Light

April 11, 2016

Author(s)

Li Piin Sung, Justin Gorham, Deborah Jacobs, Savelas A. Rabb, Lee L. Yu, Tinh Nguyen

Temperature effect on the kinetics of photodegradation, surface accumulation of nanoparticles, and nanoparticle release in an epoxy nanocoating exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) was investigated. A model epoxy coating containing 5 % untreated nanosilica

Chironomus riparius exposure to fullerene-contaminated sediment results in oxidative stress and may impact life cycle parameters

April 8, 2016

Author(s)

Greta Waissi-Leinonen, S Bold, J Akkanen, Matti Leppanen, Elijah Petersen, JVK Kukkonen

A key component of understanding the potential environmental risks of fullerenes (nC60) is their potential effects on benthic invertebrates. Using the sediment dwelling invertebrate Chironomus riparius we explored the effects of acute (12 h and 24 h) and

Consumer Exposure Studies I: General Products Consumer Exposure Studies I: General Products

March 28, 2016

Author(s)

Keana C. Scott, Marina Vance

Adhesive contact between a rigid spherical indenter and an elastic multi-layer coated substrate

March 8, 2016

Author(s)

Gheorghe Stan, George Adams

In this work the frictionless, adhesive contact between a rigid spherical indenter and an elastic multi-layer coated half-space was investigated by means of an integral transform formulation. The indented multi-layer coats were considered as made of

Analytical Measurements of Nanoparticles in Challenging and Complex Environments

March 3, 2016

Author(s)

Bryant C. Nelson, Vytautas Reipa

Robust analytical methods for the characterization and measurement of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in complex media (e.g. soils, air, foods, tissues) are critical for nanomaterial environmental health and human safety risk assessments. However, there

Biodistribution and Toxicity of Radio-labeled Few Layer Graphene in Mice after Intratracheal Instillation

February 11, 2016

Author(s)

Bingcai Pan, Maoji Hu, Liang Mao, Xuxiang Zhang, Elijah Petersen

BACKGROUND: The potential human health risks from graphene inhalation exposure have attracted substantial scientific interest as a result of the numerous exciting potential commercial applications of graphene. However, the long-term distribution in

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