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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 32676 - 32700 of 73697

Nonparametric Inference for Balanced Randomization Designs

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Andrew L. Rukhin
The properties of two balanced randomization schemes which allocate the known number of subjects among several treatments are compared. According to the first procedure, the so-called truncated multinomial randomization design, the allocation process

Organic Electronics: Low Power, High Impact

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
David J. Gundlach
Reducing the operating voltage and power consumption of organic-based logic circuits for portable applications is a critical step towards organic electronics becoming a commercial technology.

Precise Alignment of single Nanowires and Fabrication of Nanoelectromechanical Switch and Other Test Structures

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Qiliang Li, Sang-Mo Koo, Curt A. Richter, Monica D. Edelstein, John E. Bonevich, Joseph Kopanski, John S. Suehle, Eric M. Vogel
The integration of nanowires and nanotubes into electrical test structures to investigate their nanoelectronic transport properties is a significant challenge. Here we present a single nanowire manipulating system to precisely manipulate and align

Process Monitoring of Turning and Model Adaptation for Smart Machining Systems

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Jarred C. Heigel, Robert W. Ivester
Smart Machining Systems improve manufacturing efficiency using optimization based on process models. Cutting force models developed from a narrow set of empirical data provide insight into the physical properties of cutting, but the extreme physical

The Architecture Development Facilitator (ADF) First Year Report

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Steven J. Fenves, Eswaran Subrahmanian, Puja Goyal, Jean-Cyrus L. Angbo, Faouzi Daoud, Ram D. Sriram
This document serves as the summary report on the first year?s progress on the Architecture Development Facilitator (ADF) project covering the activities from December 15, 2005, to December 15, 2006. The ADF is intended to assist the Office of Network

The Coming of Age of Tilt CD-SEM

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
B Bunday, J Allgair, E Solecky, C Archie, Ndubuisi George Orji
The need for 3D metrology is becoming more urgent to address critical gaps in metrology for both lithographic and etch processes. Current generation lithographic processing (ArF source, where lambda=193 nm) sometimes results in photoresist lines with re

The Stiffness of Collagen Fibrils Influences Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Dennis P. McDaniel, Gordon A. Shaw, John T. Elliott, Kiran Bhadriraju, Curtis W. Meuse, Koo-Hyun Chung, Anne L. Plant
Cells receive signals from the extracellular matrix through receptor-dependent interactions, but they are also influenced by the mechanical properties of the matrix. While bulk properties of substrates have been shown to effect cell behavior, we show here

Vehicle Fire Suppression Research Needs

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins
This report identifies research needs in automotive fire protection. The work focuses on the problem of post-collision vehicle fires. Recent fire suppression research is cited with special attention given to results cited in the scientific literature as

Verification and Validation--How to Determine the Accuracy of Fire Models.

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Mark H. Salley, Jason Dreisbach, Kendra Hill, Bijan Najafi, Francisco Joglar, Anthony Hamins, Kevin B. McGrattan, Richard Peacock, Robert Kassawara
Both domestically and worldwide, there is a movement to introduce risk-informed and performance-based analyses into fire protection engineering practice. One key tool needed to support risk-informed, performance-based (RI/PB) fire protection is fire models

Zero-Order Imaging of Device-Sized Overlay Targets Using Scatterfield Microscopy

March 1, 2007
Author(s)
Bryan M. Barnes, Lowell P. Howard, P Lipscomb, Richard M. Silver
Patterns of lines and trenches with nominal linewidths of 50 nm have been proposed for use as an overlay target appropriate for placement inside the patterned wafer die. The NIST Scatterfield Targets feature groupings of eight lines and/or trenches which

Length Fractionation of Carbon Nanotube Using Centrifugation

February 28, 2007
Author(s)
Jeffrey A. Fagan, Matthew Becker, Jae H. Chun, Erik K. Hobbie
A recent article by Arnold et al. (Nature Nanotech., 1, 60-65, 2006)1 demonstrated the use of ultracentrifugation on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) within a density gradient to produce chirality separation of the nanotubes. The authors of this letter

Low-Frequency Noise Characterizations of ZnO Nanowires Field Effect Transistors

February 28, 2007
Author(s)
Wenyong Wang, Hao Xiong, Monica D. Edelstein, David J. Gundlach, John S. Suehle, Curt A. Richter, Woong-Ki Hong, Takhee Lee
Field effect transistors (FETs) of single-crystalline ZnO nanowires have been fabricated and low frequency (f) noise characterizations of the ZnO nanowire FETs have been performed for the first time. The obtained noise power spectra show a pronounced 1/f

Thermal effects on the critical current of spin torque switching in spin valve nanopillars

February 28, 2007
Author(s)
Michael Schneider, Matthew Pufall, William Rippard, Stephen E. Russek, Jordan A. Katine
In spin valve nanopillars, temperature affects the spin torque reversal of the free magnetic layer. The authors compare values of zero temperature critical switching current I c0 extrapolated from room temperature pulsed current switching measurements to

Development of an Evaluation Method for Acceptable Usability

February 27, 2007
Author(s)
Brian C. Stanton, Brian Antonishek, Jean C. Scholtz
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted three workshops with First Responders to determine requirements for robots used in Urban Search and Rescue (USAR). These requirements were further prioritized by the responders. NIST has

Enhancement of Engine Oil Wear and Friction Control Performance Through Titanium Additive Chemistry

February 27, 2007
Author(s)
J M. Guevremont, G H. Guinther, D Szemenyei, Mark Devlin, T-C Jao, Cherno Jaye, Joseph Woicik, Daniel A. Fischer
Traditionally, wear protection and friction modification by engine oil are provided by zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) or other phosphorus compounds. These additives provide effective wear protection and friction control on engine parts through formation of a

A chip-scale atomic magnetometer with improved sensitivity using the M x technique

February 26, 2007
Author(s)
P Schwindt, Brad Lindseth, Svenja A. Knappe, V Shah, John E. Kitching, Li-Anne Liew
We discuss the fabrication and performance of a miniature optically pumped atomic magnetometer constructed using microfabricated components. This device measures the spin precession frequency of an alkali atom to determine the magnetic field using the M x

Accuracy in Optical Image Modeling

February 26, 2007
Author(s)
James E. Potzick, Egon Marx, M P. Davidson
Wafer exposure process simulation and optical photomask feature metrology both rely on optical image modeling for accurate results. The best way to gauge the accuracy of an imaging model is to compare the model results with an actual image. Modeling

Interrogation of 'Surface', 'Skin' and 'Core' Orientation in Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Copolyester Moldings by Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering

February 26, 2007
Author(s)
S Rendon, Robert A. Bubeck, L S. Thomas, W R. Burghardt, A Hexemer, Daniel A. Fischer
Injection molding of thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers (TLCPs) can result in molded articles the exhibit complex orientation states that vary considerably as a function of depth in the part. Skin-core morphologies are often observed in TLCP moldings

Intrustion Detection and Prevention Systems

February 26, 2007
Author(s)
Shirley M. Radack
This bulletin summarizes the recommendations developed by NIST for organizations in the effective use of intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS). These software systems help organizations to monitor and analyze events occurring in their

Observation of Faraday waves in a Bose-Einstein condensate

February 26, 2007
Author(s)
Peter Engels, Colin Atherton, Mark Hoefer
Faraday waves in a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate are created. It is shown that periodically modulating the transverse confinement, and thus the nonlinear interactions in the BEC, excites small amplitude longitudinal oscillations through a
Displaying 32676 - 32700 of 73697
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