U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 27926 - 27950 of 73929

Prototype Cantilevers for AFM Nanomechanical Property Measurement

October 2, 2009
Author(s)
Richard S. Gates, Mark Reitsma
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a widely used technique for imaging surfaces and measuring properties at the micro and nano-scales; however, the accuracy and precision of these measurements is hampered by the lack of suitable traceable standards and

A Discussion on the Interpretation and Characterization of Metafilms/Metasurfaces: The Two-Dimensional Equivalent of Metamaterials

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Christopher L. Holloway, Andrew M. Dienstfrey, Edward E. Kuester, John F. O'Hara, Abul K. Azad
A metafilm is the surface equivalent of a metamaterial. More precisely, a metafilm is a surface distribution of suitably chosen electrically small scatterers. Metafilms are becoming popular as an alternative to the full three-dimensional metamaterials

A Service Oriented Framework for Construction Supply Chain Integration

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Jack Cheng, Kincho H. Law, Albert T. Jones, Ram D. Sriram
Supply chain management integrates key business processes and facilities, involving end users and suppliers that provide products, services and information. Supply chain integration can potentially add value to the stakeholders along product development

Accumulation of Large Protein Fragments in Prematurely Senescent ARPE-19 Cells

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Illarion V. Turko, Wei-Li Liao
Senescence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was design to improve the understanding of changes that underlie the RPE senescence. The levels of various

Apparent Equilibrium Constants for Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Robert N. Goldberg
This table contains values of apparent equilibrium constants K for selected enzyme-catalyzed reactions at specified temperatures T and pHs. In those cases where the ionic strength I and/or the pMg (pMg = log10[Mg2+]) have been reported, the values of

Climbing Mount Probable: Mutation as a Cause of Nonrandomness in Evolution

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Arlin B. Stoltzfus
Genomes differ systematically in Guanine-plus-Cytosine (GC) content. GC-rich genomes encode proteins enriched in amino acids with GC-rich codons, such as Glycine (with codons GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG), while AT-rich genomes are enriched in amino acids with AT

Development of an infrared optical scattering instrument from 1 um to 5 um

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Jinan Zeng, Leonard M. Hanssen
The wavelength coverage of the IR optical scattering instrument developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has been extended to cover the continuous range from 1 um to 5 um. Besides the previously available diode lasers at wavelengths

Dietary Supplement Standard Reference Materials

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Lane C. Sander, Karen W. Phinney, Michele M. Schantz, Katherine E. Sharpless, Stephen A. Wise
In 1994, the U.S. Congress enacted the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act to "protect the right of access of consumers to safe dietary supplements". In response to this legislation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the

Earthquakes, Hurricanes, Floods, Every Day Failures and 1500 Miles of Levee - Risk Analysis Experiences and Lessons

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Martin W. McCann , Said Salah-Mars, Jerry L. Foster, Gregory B. Baecher, Robert C. Patev, Harvey W. Jones, Therese P. McAllister
By the first quarter of 2006, two risk studies of major levee systems (over 1500 miles of levee) in the U.S. were underway. The IPET Risk and Reliability Analysis was a retrospective analysis and the DRMS was a prospective analysis intended to support

Electronic Vector-Network-Analyzer Verification

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Dylan F. Williams, Arkadiusz C. Lewandowski, Denis X. LeGolvan, Ronald A. Ginley
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has just introduced a fully electronic measurement verification system for microwave vector-network-analyzer (VNA) calibrations called NISTeVerify. The system allows you to quickly verify VNA

Fitting Spheres to Range Data from 3D Imaging Systems

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Marek Franaszek, Geraldine S. Cheok, Kamel S. Saidi, Christoph J. Witzgall
Two error functions used for nonlinear Least Squares (LS) fitting of spheres to range data from 3D imaging systems are discussed: orthogonal error function and directional error function. Both of the functions allow unrestricted gradient-based minimization

From the Editor's Desk: Why We Are Here

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Catherine A. Remley
This is an Editorial for the October, 2009 issue of IEEE Microwave Magazine. Kate Remley, the Editor-in-Chief, writes about timely topics for the members of the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S).

Influence of room temperature control system on AFM imaging

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Joseph Fu, Wei Chu, Theodore V. Vorburger
As technology progresses, the control of environment for experiments is also getting more sophisticated; such as the control of lab temperature and vibration. Temperature controlled within ± 0.25° C for a general purpose lab is common place. We illustrate

Measuring the EUV-induced contamination rates of TiO2-capped multilayer optics by anticipated production-environment hydrocarbons

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Shannon B. Hill, Nadir S. Faradzhev, Charles S. Tarrio, Thomas B. Lucatorto, Robert A. Bartynski, B. V. Yakshinskiy, T. E. Madey
The primary, publicly reported cause of optic degradation in pre-production extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography systems is carbon deposition. This results when volatile organics adsorb onto optic surfaces and then are cracked by EUV-induced reactions

Relative Photon-to-Carrier Efficiencies of Alternating Nanolayers of Zinc Phthalocyanine and C60 Multilayer Films Assessed by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy

October 1, 2009
Author(s)
Okan Esenturk, Joseph S. Melinger, Paul A. Lane, Edwin J. Heilweil
Alternating multi-layer and 1:1 blended films of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)and buckminsterfullerene (C60) were investigated as model active layers for solar cells by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy (TRTS). Relative photon-to-carrier efficiencies 2
Displaying 27926 - 27950 of 73929
Was this page helpful?