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Standards

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Displaying 351 - 375 of 842

Quantum for Pressure

January 5, 2018
Author(s)
Jay H. Hendricks, Patrick F. Egan, Jacob E. Ricker, Jack A. Stone Jr., Kevin O. Douglass, Gregory F. Strouse
A team of NIST scientists is working to fundamentally change the way that the unit of pressure is realized and disseminated, an effort that will lead to the elimination of mercury barometer pressure standards.

The NIST Johnson noise thermometry system for the determination of the Boltzmann constant

December 29, 2017
Author(s)
Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Alessio Pollarolo, Kevin Coakley, Adam C. Weis, Anna Fox, Horst Rogalla, Weston L. Tew, Samuel Benz
In preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units (SI), five different electronic measurements of the Boltzmann constant have been performed using different Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) systems over the past seven years. In this

Development of a new UHV/XHV pressure standard (Cold Atom Vacuum Standard)

November 10, 2017
Author(s)
Julia Scherschligt, James A. Fedchak, Daniel Barker, Stephen Eckel, Nikolai Klimov, Constantinos Makrides, Eite Tiesinga
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has recently begun a program to develop a primary pressure standard that is based on ultra-cold atoms, covering a pressure range of 1 × 10-6 Pa to 1 × 10-10 Pa and possibly lower. These pressures

Perspectives for a new realization of the pascal by optical methods

October 24, 2017
Author(s)
Jay H. Hendricks, Karl Jousten, Jack A. Stone Jr., Patrick F. Egan, Tom Rubin, Christof Gaiser, Rene Schodel, James A. Fedchak, Jacob E. Ricker, Jens Fluegge, Stephen P. Eckel, Julia K. Scherschligt, Daniel S. Barker, Kevin O. Douglass, Gregory F. Strouse, Uwe Sterr, Waldimir Sabuga
Since the beginning of measurement of pressure in the 17th century, the unit of pressure has been defined by the relationship of force per unit area. The present state of optical technology now offers the possibility of using a thermodynamic definition

Verification of Calibration Methods for Determining Photon-Counting Detection Efficiency using Superconducting Nano-Wire Single Photon Detectors

September 4, 2017
Author(s)
Igor Vayshenker, Robert D. Horansky, John H. Lehman, Malcolm G. White, Sae Woo Nam, Ingmar Mueller, Lutz Werner, G. Wuebbeler
In the recent years several ways to radiometrically calibrate optical fiber-coupled detectors have been developed. However, fiber-coupled calibration methods for single photon detectors have not been compared by national metrology institutes validating the

Submillimeter Wavelength Scattering from Random Rough Surfaces

August 9, 2017
Author(s)
Erich N. Grossman, Richard A. Chamberlin, David R. Novotny, Joshua A. Gordon, Nina P. Basta
We describe bistatic scattering measurements on eight reference targets constructed from Al 2O 3 grit of various sizes embedded in an absorptive epoxy matrix. These samples' surface topographies were measured using focus-variation microscopy, and their

National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) Voting System Testing

July 27, 2017
Author(s)
Bradley W. Moore, Dana S. Leaman, John P. Wack
The 2017 edition of NIST Handbook 150-22 incorporates changes resulting from revisions to the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) Version 1.1, the Election Assistance Commission’s (EAC) Testing and Certification Program Manual Version 2.0, and the

Calibration of night vision goggles: an SI-units-based measurement technique

July 11, 2017
Author(s)
Vyacheslav B. Podobedov, George P. Eppeldauer, Thomas C. Larason
A new night vision goggles (NVG) gain definition for the calibration process is proposed and evaluated. This definition is based on the radiance measurements at the input and output of the NVG. In contrast to the old definition which uses a non-

Calibration of spectral responsivity of IR detectors in the range from 0.6 mm to 24 mm

June 15, 2017
Author(s)
Vyacheslav B. Podobedov, George P. Eppeldauer, Leonard M. Hanssen, Thomas C. Larason
We report the upgraded performance of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) facility for spectral responsivity calibrations of infrared (IR) detectors in both radiant power and irradiance measurement modes. The extension of the

Building Connections through Standards Landscaping

June 7, 2017
Author(s)
Paul W. Witherell, Yan Lu
Standards are an essential part of how we do business, from communication, to establishing best practices, to achieving quality control. As commerce and technology continues to diversify, standards, and standard organizations, have become increasingly

Rheology of ballistic clay: the effect of temperature and shear history

May 9, 2017
Author(s)
Ran Tao, Kirk D. Rice, Aaron M. Forster
Ballistic clay is used as a backing material for standards-based ballistic resistance tests for the purposes of providing a measure of the energy transferred to the body when a threat is defeated. However, this material exhibits complex thermomechanical

Dynamic Metrology and ASTM E57.02 Dynamic Measurement Standard

May 2, 2017
Author(s)
Roger V. Bostelman, Tsai H. Hong, Steven A. Legowik, Mili Shah
Optical tracking systems are used in a wide range of fields. The market for optical tracking systems has dramatically increased over the past several years to $1.2B revenue in 2014. This paper describes the new ASTM E3064 Standard test method procedures

Targets for Relative Range Error Measurement of 3D Imaging Systems

May 1, 2017
Author(s)
Prem K. Rachakonda, Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Katharine M. Shilling, Geraldine S. Cheok, Vincent D. Lee, Christopher J. Blackburn, Dennis S. Everett, Daniel S. Sawyer
The Dimensional Metrology Group (DMG) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is performing research to support the development of documentary standards within ASTM E57 for the point-to-point performance evaluation of 3D imaging

Improvements in Accelerometer Calibration at NIST Using Digital Vibrometry

April 29, 2017
Author(s)
Beverly F. Payne, Richard A. Allen, Colleen E. Hood
Improvements in shaker design and laser vibrometer development has provided more precise calibration of accelerometers. Calibrations are performed at frequencies from 1Hz to 20 kHz with improved uncertainty and improved efficiency. The vibrometer mounting
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