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Displaying 2301 - 2325 of 3910

Wind and Seismic Effects: Proceedings of the 34th Joint Meeting

September 1, 2002

Author(s)

Stephen A. Cauffman

This publication is the proceedings of the 34th Joint Meeting of the US-Japan Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects. The meeting was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, during 13-15 May 2002. The proceedings

Modeling Ion Transport Mechanisms in Unsaturated Porous Media

August 27, 2002

Author(s)

J Marchand, E Samson, Kenneth A. Snyder, J J. Beaudoin

The transport of ions in colloids, granular and consolidated porous media is important to a wide variety of environmental and engineering problems. Typical examples are the transport of contaminants in marine sediments, the containment of hazardous waste

National Institute of Standards and Technology Final Plan: National Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST SP 1000-1)

August 21, 2002

Author(s)

Sivaraj Shyam-Sunder

This document describes the goals, objectives, and guiding principles for the NIST-led investigation of the WTC disaster. The NIST investigation plan includes eight projects that provide the focus for the technical work. Project 1 is an analysis of

Concrete Degradation Modeling in the Evaluation of Entombment as a Decommissioning Option

August 1, 2002

Author(s)

Kenneth A. Snyder, Jacob Philip

For entombment to be a viable option for the decommissioning of nuclear structures, the effectiveness of available engineered barriers must be assured. Barrier performance must be estimated with the aid of computer models that can accurately predict the

On the Collision Dynamics of a Water Droplet Containing an Additive on a Heated Solid Surface

August 1, 2002

Author(s)

Samuel L. Manzello, Jiann C. Yang

An experimental study is presented for water droplet impingement containing an additive upon a heated stainless steel surface. A solution of 30 % (mass fraction) sodium acetate trihydrate, CH 3COONa 3H 2O was used for the experiments. The impaction process

Reconnaissance Report on Damage to Engineered Structures During the May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado

August 1, 2002

Author(s)

Michael A. Riley

On 3 May 1999, a major storm passed through the mid-west, spawning at least 76 tornadoes, and killing more than 50 people. The Oklahoma City, Oklahoma metropolitan area was the hardest hit, with 43 fatalities, and 10,000 homes destroyed or severely damaged

Thermal Performance of Fire Fighter's Protective Clothing 1. Numerical Study of Transient Heat and Water Vapor Transfer

August 1, 2002

Author(s)

Kuldeep R. Prasad, W H. Twilley, James R. Lawson

This study is the first in a series of reports on understanding the performance of fire fighter clothing, in protecting skin from thermal injury resulting from exposure to high intensity thermal radiation. A detailed mathematical model is constructed to

Inhibition of Premixed and Non-Premixed Flames With Fine Droplets of Water and Solutions

July 21, 2002

Author(s)

H K. Chelliah, A K. Lazzarini, P N. Wanigarathne, Gregory T. Linteris

Inhibition/extinction of premixed and non-premixed methane-air flames with fine-droplets of water and solutions containing several chemical agents are investigated experimentally. While solutions allow delivery of much higher concentrations of chemical

Comparison of an R22 and an R410A Air Conditioner Operating at High Ambient Temperatures.

July 16, 2002

Author(s)

William V. Payne, Piotr A. Domanski

A Comparison of an R22 and an R410A Air Conditioner Operating at High Ambient Temperatures

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

William V. Payne, Piotr A. Domanski

R22 and R410A split air-conditioning systems were tested and compared as outdoor temperature ranged form 27.8 C (82.0 F) to 54.4 F (130 F). The R410A system tests were extended t 68.3 C (155.0 F) ambient temperature with a customized compressor. Capacity

A Method to Assess the Suitability of a Climate for Natural Ventilation of Commercial Buildings

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Steven J. Emmerich, William S. Dols, James W. Axley

Natural ventilation has the potential to reduce first costs and operating costs for some commercial buildings while maintaining ventilation rates consistent with acceptable indoor air quality. While a recent surge of interest in Europe has advanced natural

A Priority Agenda for Energy-Related Indoor Environmental Quality Research

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

W J. Fisk, G Brager, M Brook, H Burge, J Cole, J Cummings, H Levin, V Loftness, T Logee, M J. Mendell, Andrew K. Persily, S Taylor, J Zhang

A multidisciplinary team of IEQ and energy researchers is working together to define a program of priority energy-related IEQ research. This paper describes the methods employed, ten high priority broad research and development (R&D) goals, and 34 high

An Approach to the Design of Natural and Hybrid Ventilation Systems for Cooling Buildings

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

James W. Axley, Steven Emmerich, William Stuart Dols, George Walton

This paper presents an approach to the design of natural and hybrid ventilation systems that accounts for specific climatic and operational conditions and is organized to serve the building designer at each distinct phase of design predesign analysis

Community-Scale Fire Spread

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Ronald G. Rehm, Anthony P. Hamins, Howard R. Baum, Kevin B. McGrattan, D D. Evans

This paper addresses community-scale fires, which have also been called urban/wildland interface or intermix fires. These fires arise when wildlandfires invade the built environment and attack structures as well as wildland fuels. The prediction of the

Continous Measurements of Air Change Rates in an Occupied House for One Year: The Effect of Temperature, Wind, Fans, and Windows

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

L A. Wallace, Steven Emmerich, Cynthia H. Reed

A year-long investigation of air change rates in an occupied house was undertaken to establish the effects of temperature, wind velocity, use of exhaust fans, and window-opening behavior. Air change rates were measured by periodically injecting a tracer

Control of Hysteretic Structures Using H(inf) Algorithm and Stochastic Linearization Techniques

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Fahim Sadek, M Ben Ftima, S El-Borgi, G P. McCormick, Michael A. Riley

This paper presents a robust static output feedback H(infinity) algorithm for control of hysteretic civil engineering structures subjected to earthquake ground motions. Hysteretic structures present a problem for control design and algorithm development

Dynamic Range Limitations in Phase Doppler Interferometry Measurements

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

J F. Widmann, Cary Presser, Stefan D. Leigh

It has been well established that the dynamic range of phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) size measurements is limited by the photomultiplier tubes (PMT). A statistical method is presented to overcome this limitation by combining data sets collected over

Effect of an Alcohol Resistant Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AR-AFFF) On the Evaporation, Boiling, And Collision Dynamics of A Water Droplet on A Heated Solid Surface

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Samuel L. Manzello, Jiann C. Yang

An experimental study is presented for droplets containing an alcohol-resistant aqueous film forming foam (AR-AFFF) impacting and boiling on a heated stainless steel surface. Experiments with solutions of 3 % (volume fraction) AR-AFFF/distilled water were

Equivalent Number of Loading Cycles for the Seismic Testing of Passive Energy Dissipation Devices

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Fahim Sadek, Michael A. Riley

Prototype testing of passive energy dissipation devices is required to verify their response characteristics and demonstrate their capacity to withstand the design loads. These tests usually consist of loading the devices with a defined number of cyclic

Fire Research: Providing New Tools for Fire Investigation

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Daniel M. Madrzykowski

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Building and Fire Laboratory (BFRL) are working with the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA); the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF); and the U.S. Department of Justice to

Global Response Modification Factors vs. Member Ductility-Based Modifiers

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

S K. Kunnath, Hai S. Lew, D Friis

Most building structures today are designed using the response modification factors (R-factors) given in the code for different types of structural systems. This paper examines whether ductility-based modifiers for structural members (m-factors)

Influence of Curing Conditions on Water Loss and Hydration in Cement Pastes With and Without Fly Ash Substitution

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Dale P. Bentz

The proper curing of concrete is paramount to achieving desired strength and durability performance in the field. Because blending components often react at different rates from portland cement, blended cements may require that special attention be paid to

Measurement and Simulation of the Indoor Air Quality Impact of Gaseous Air Cleaners in a Test Home

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Cynthia H. Reed, Steven J. Nabinger, Steven Emmerich

Residential and commercial gaseous air cleaning technologies have not gained wide acceptance in the marketplace, in part due to the lack of performance data from field tests or simulation studies. This paper describes a field study of the performance of

Meteorological Extremes

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Emil Simiu

This entry discusses briefly basic principles of extreme value (EV) estimation (see Extreme value analysis), the role of simulations for the development of relevant meteorological data sets, the interaction between the practical application of the

Modeling Moisture in Residential Buildings with a Multizone IAQ Program

July 1, 2002

Author(s)

Steven J. Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Nabinger

Multizone airflow and contaminant transport modeling is a valuable tool for researchers and others studying indoor air quality (IAQ) problems in buildings. Although water vapor is not typically thought of as an indoor contaminant, multizone IAQ modeling

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