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Fire

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Displaying 351 - 375 of 3901

Fire as a Building Load

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Richard W. Bukowski
The concept of designing buildings to resist loads is fundamental to the design and regulatory process. Fire has traditionally been addressed differently because fires are difficult to describe in the same way as other building loads. This paper proposes a

Fire Endurance Testing of Floor Systems Effects of Scale and Restraint

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
John L. Gross
Three standard fire resistance tests (ASTM E 119) were conducted on a composite floor system to study the effects of 1) test restraint conditions, and 2) scale of the test. Two full-scale tests, 35 ft (10.7 m) span, and one half-scale test, 17 ft (5.2 m)

Fire Modeling Analysis: Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
D W. Stroup
This report describes results obtained from a fire protection engineering analysis of an historic government office building located in Washington, DC. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building is a five story building constructed in the 1870 s to

Fire Structure Interface for the World Trade Center Towers

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Kuldeep Prasad, Howard R. Baum
The collapse of the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, resulting from a combination of aircraft impact damage and subsequent fires, was studied as part of the Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster

First-Principles Zone-Center Theory of Superconductivity in MgB 2

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Taner N. Yildirim, O Gulseren
We have carried out first-principles calculation of Tc and other relevant parameters of the new 40 K superconductor MgB2. Our results are in excellent agreement with the neutron measurements of phonons as well as with the measured boron isotope effect and

Flame Retardant Clay Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman
For more than a decade potential environmental problems associated with organo-bromine flame retardant systems have motivated the search for non-halogen based approaches to reducing polymer flammability. Initially, research focused on development of new

Flame Retardant Mechanism of a Polymer Clay Nanocomposite

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., W H. Awad
The thermal and flammability properties of the polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites are measured to determine the flame retardant performance of the nanocomposites. The gasification process of the nanocomposite samples are observed and collected residues are

Flame Retardants: An Overview

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Richard Gann, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Flame retardant additives are ubiquitous in commercial products. They reduce fire losses by decreasing the likelihood of ignition and the rate of heat release of the products in which they are compounded. This article outlines the definition, applications

Flammability Properties of PMMA-Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, F Du, K Winey, K M. Groth, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., Jack F. Douglas
Flammability properties of PMMA/SWNT nanocomposites were measured. The addition of SWNT significantly reduces mass loss rate of PMMA even for the contents less than a 1 % mass fraction. The dispersion of tubes affects flammability properties.

Flexible Polyurethane Foams Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Roland H. Kraemer, Richard H. Harris Jr., Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Sameer Rahatekar, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Polyurethane flexible foams (PUFs) have a large market as upholstery and bedding cushioning material. There is an increasing demand for flame retarded grades in rail, plane and automotive transportation. Untreated PUFs are prone to rapid fire growth due to

Further Developments in Modeling the Thermal Decomposition of Polymers

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Marc R. Nyden, S I. Stoliarov, P R. Westmoreland
The application of quantum mechanics and molecular simulation methods can yield new insights into thermal reactivity and its effect on materials flammability. One example of this approach is reactive molecular dynamics as implemented in a computer program

Gender and Control in the 2001 World Trade Center Evacuation

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
Occupants in fire emergencies in buildings are presented with multiple pieces of information and environmental cues which produce varying levels of stress for the occupant. Occupants develop behavior response strategies to decrease their level of stress

Handbook of Radiant Heating and Cooling

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
J M. Palmer, K S. Chapman, R D. Watson
These four chapters are part of a larger book on radiant heating and cooling. The goal of these chapters is to explain thermal comfort, how it is modeled, and how to calculate it. The first chapter explains the variables of thermal comfort. The second

High Throughput Methods for Nanocomposite Materials Research. Extrusion and Visible Optical Probes.

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, P H. Maupin, Richard H. Harris Jr., S Bellayer, Anthony J. Bur, S C. Roth, M Murariu, A B. Morgan, J R. Harris
A quiet revolution is occurring in the field of polymer science the high throughput (HT) or combinatorial revolution. It is, in a general sense, a change in the way one views performing research and development, and simply involves devising methods to

High Throughput Methods for Rapidly Developing Additive Filled Polymers

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Rick D. Davis, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Marc R. Nyden, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., W Demory
The high throughput mindset has been our approach to rapidly synthesize, characterize, and analyze additive filled polymers. For example, rather than taking a week to extrude polystyrene strands with 0% to 10% integer amounts of organically modified clay

Ignition of Mulch by Firebrands in Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) Fires

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, John R. Shields, Thomas Cleary, Jiann C. Yang
Firebrands or embers are produced as trees and structures burn in wildland/urban interface (WUI) fires. Hot firebrands ultimately come to rest and may ignite fuels far removed from the fire, resulting in fire spread. It is believed that firebrand showers

Improving the Interface Between Thermal and Structural Finite-Element Analyses

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Dat Duthinh, Abed M. Khaskia
One of the recommendations of the National Construction Safety Team for the Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1, 2005) is to enhance the capability of available computational software to predict

In Situ Burning of Oil Spills: Resource Collection

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
William Walton
The Minerals Management Service (MMS), U.S. Department of Interior, is designated as the lead agency for in situ burn research in the Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan prepared under the authority of Title VII of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA

International Standards for Service Life Planning of Buildings

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
G J. Frohnsdorff, C Sjostrom, G Soronis
ISO Technical Committee TC 59, Building Construction, is an international standards committee dealing with general rules for performance requirements for buildings, SC 14, Design Life, is the subcommittee of TC 59 that deals with standardization of the

Investigation of Unresolved Issues From ATL Temperature Control Module

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Stephen J. Treado
A series of measurements and performance evaluations has been conducted in the Temperature Control Module (TCM) for three control system vendors in order to demonstrate their ability to meet the high accuracy temperature control specification for the
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