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Environment

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Displaying 226 - 250 of 537

Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Wildlife

April 21, 2015
Author(s)
Jessica L. Reiner, Benjamin J. Place
The first measurements of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in wildlife from the aqueous and terrestrial environment showed their ubiquitous presence. Since the initial studies in 2001 their presence, distribution, and fate in the environment has broadly

A Fundamental Equation of State for 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane (R-245fa)

March 26, 2015
Author(s)
Ryo Akasaka, Yong Zhou, Eric Lemmon
A new fundamental equation of state explicit in the Helmholtz energy is presented for 1,1,1,3,3 pentafluoropropane (R 245fa), based on recent experimental data for the vapor pressures, densities, and vapor sound speeds. The functional form now uses

Reference Diffraction Patterns, Microstructure, and Pore Size Distribution for the Copper (II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Metal Organic Framework (Cu-BTC) Compounds

March 1, 2015
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, James A. Kaduk, Daniel W. Siderius, Andrew J. Allen, Laura Espinal, Brad Boyerinas, Igor Levin, Matthew Suchomel, Jan Ilavsky, Eric J. Cockayne, Hui Wu
Cu-paddle-wheel-based Cu3(BTC)2 (nicknamed Cu-BTC, where BTC ≡ benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate) is a metal organic framework (MOF) compound that adopts a zeolite topology. We have determined the pore size distribution using the Gelb and Gubbins technique, the

Update on Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Other Gases of Interest to the Montreal Protocol, Chapter 1 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No.55, 416 pp., World Meteorological Organiz

December 30, 2014
Author(s)
Lucy J. Carpenter, Stefan Reimann, Andreas Engel, Stephen Montzka, James B. Burkholder, Cathy Clerbaux, Bradley Hall, Shari A. Yvon-Lewis, Donald R. Blake, Marcel Dorf, Geoffre S. Dutton, Paul J. Fraser, Lucien Froidevaux, Fran?ois Hendrick, Jianxin Hu, Ashley Jones, Paul B. Krummel, Lambert J. Kuijpers, Michael J. Kurylo, Qing Liang, Emmanuel Mahieu, Jens M?hle, Simon O?Doherty, Keiichi Ohnishi, Vladimir L. Orkin, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Matt Rigby, Isobel J. Simpson, Yoko Yokouchi
Changes in the global atmospheric abundance of a substance are determined by the balance between its emissions and removal. Declines observed for ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) controlled under the Montreal Protocol are due to global emission reductions

Interrogating the Carbon and Oxygen K-edge NEXAFS of a CO2-dosed Hyperbranched Aminosilica

December 19, 2014
Author(s)
Laura Espinal, Martin L. Green, Dean M. DeLongchamp, Watcharop Chaikittisilp, Jarod C. Horn, Miles Sakwa-Novak, Cherno Jaye, Daniel A. Fischer, Nicholas Brunelli, Christopher Jones
Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was used to study the adsorption of CO2 in a hyperbranched aminosilica (HAS) compound, a porous solid state material with great potential for carbon capture applications. After dosing a

Biomass Particle Models with Realistic Morphology and Resolved Microstructure for Simulations of Intraparticle Transport Phenomena

December 9, 2014
Author(s)
Peter Ciesielski, Michael F. Crowley, M R. Nimlos, Aric Sanders, Gavin Wiggins, Bryon Donohoe
Biomass exhibits a complex microstructure of directional pores that can vary substantially between species of origin. However, models of biomass particles employed in simulations of conversion processes typically employ over-simplified geometry such as

Assessment of Crude Oil and a Dispersant in a Simulated Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh Ecosystem

December 1, 2014
Author(s)
P Key, K Chung, C Cooksey, DeLorenzo M, M Fulton, D Greenfield, T Greig, J Hylund, Bryant C. Nelson, Varun Patel, P Pennington, Elijah Petersen, E Wirth
NOAA's Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) lists saltmarshes along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts as the most vulnerable habitat to oil spills. As a result of the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig accident, more that 200 million gallons of crude oil

Principles of Optical Radiometry and Measurement Uncertainty

November 27, 2014
Author(s)
Bettye C. Johnson, Howard W. Yoon, Joseph P. Rice, Albert C. Parr
The fundamental concepts of optical radiometry are developed from basic principles, with detailed explanations for radiance, irradiance, and reflectance. Examples of radiometric standards, in particular radiometers and reference sources are given, and the

Photochemical Properties of Hydrofluoroethers CH3OCHF2, CH3OCF3, and CHF2OCH2CF3: Reactivity toward OH, IR Absorption Cross Sections, Atmospheric Lifetimes and Global Warming Potentials

September 22, 2014
Author(s)
Vladimir L. Orkin, Victor Khamaganov, A G. Guschin
Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with three partially fluorinated ethers, CH3OCF3 (kHFE-143a), CH3OCHF2 (kHFE-152a), and CHF2OCH2CF3 (kHFE-245fa), were measured using a discharge flow – electron paramagnetic resonance technique

Effects of Temperature on Surface Accumulation and Release of Silica Nanoparticles in an Epoxy Nanocoating Exposed to UV Radiation

June 16, 2014
Author(s)
Chun-Chieh Tien, Ching-Hsuan Chang, Bernard Hao-Chih Liu, Deborah Jacobs, Savelas A. Rabb, Lee L. Yu, Tinh Nguyen, Li Piin Sung
Polymer nanocoatings are increasingly used outdoors and in harsh environments. However, because most common polymers degraded by the weathering elements, nanoparticles in polymer nanocoatings may be released into the environments. Such nanoparticle release

AN EXAMINATION OF METAL DEPOSITION DERIVED FROM AEROSPACE-RELATED ACTIVITY IN SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL MATRICES COLLECTED FROM WATERS SURROUNDING THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (KSC), FLORIDA

April 8, 2014
Author(s)
John Bowden, Theresa M. Cantu, Douglas M. Scheidt, Russell H. Lowers, Brian A. Nocito, Vaneica Y. Young, Louis J. Guillette
Metal deposition originating from anthropogenic activity was examined in a two-tier study using environmental samples collected from several locations at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and surrounding Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) with

Possibilities and Tradeoffs for Low-GWP Refrigerants

January 19, 2014
Author(s)
Mark O. McLinden
presentation at ASHRAE Winter Conference: We explore the possibilities for refrigerants having low global warming potential (GWP) through two distinct, but complementary, approaches. In an “exploration of thermodynamic space” we define the limits of what

Influence of tissue, age, and environmental quality on global levels of genomic methylation in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

January 7, 2014
Author(s)
Benjamin B. Parrott, John Bowden, Satomi Kohno, Jessica A. Cloy-McCoy, Jacqueline T. Bangma, Thomas R. Rainwater, Phillip M. Wilkinson, John Kucklick, Louis J. Guillette
Epigenetic modifications are key mediators of the interactions between the environment and an organism's genome. DNA methylation represents the best-studied epigenetic modification to date and is known to play key roles in regulating transcriptional

Chapter 3 Evaluation of Atmospheric Loss Processes

December 31, 2013
Author(s)
Vladimir L. Orkin, James B. Burkholder, Wahid Mellouki, Eric L. Fleming, Christian George, Charles H. Jackman, Timothy J. Wallington , Michael J. Kurylo , Dwayne E. Heard, William H. Swartz
Hydroxyl radical (OH), electronically excited atomic oxygen (O(1D)), and atomic chlorine (Cl) reaction rate coefficient data were evaluated and the estimated uncertainties in the recommended parameters reduced, in general, from those currently recommended

ENVIRONMENTAL METABOLOMICS: NMR TECHNIQUES

December 8, 2013
Author(s)
Myrna Simpson, Dan Bearden
Environmental metabolomics is a rapidly growing area of research, and over the last decade the focus has been on organism responses to various types of environmental stressors (pollutants, nutritional shifts, and global climate change, for example)

Characterization of Airborne Nanoparticle Released from Consumer Products

August 29, 2013
Author(s)
Li Piin Sung, Joannie W. Chin, Andrew K. Persily
This interim report summarizes research results to date under the FY2012 interagency agreement between CPSC and NIST to develop testing and measurement protocols for determining the quantities and properties of nanoparticles released from flooring finishes
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