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CO2 is an attractive refrigerant option for ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) because is it environmentally friendly with low global warming potential (GWP = 1) and no ozone depletion potential (ODP). The cycle efficiency is also important for a
Ramon A. Alvarez, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, David R. Lyon, David T. Allen, Zachary R. Barkley, Adam R. Brandt, Kenneth J. Davis, Scott C. Herndon, Daniel J. Jacob, Anna Karion, Eric A. Kort, Brian K. Lamb, Thomas Lauvaux, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Anthony J. Marchese, Mark Omara, Stephen W. Pacala, Jeff Peischl, Allen L. Robinson, Paul B. Shepson, Colm Sweeney, Amy Townsend-Small, Steven C. Wofsy, Daniel Zimmerle, Steven P. Hamburg
The contribution of the U.S. oil and natural gas supply chain to global methane emissions - an important factor in climate warming - was estimated using ground-based measurements and validated with region-wide aircraft measurements in areas accounting for
Aaron Johnson, Iosif Isaakovich Shinder, Michael R. Moldover, Joey Boyd, James Filla
The amounts of CO2 and other pollutants emitted by a coal-fired power plant are measured using a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) permanently installed in the exhaust smokestack. The pollutant flux is the product of the pollutant's
A novel laser-heating technique, referred to as the laser-driven thermal reactor (LDTR), was used to determine sample thermal behavior, specific heat release rate, and total specific heat release of three volatile single-component liquid hydrocarbons, i.e
Werickson Fortunato de Carvalho Rocha, Michele M. Schantz, David Sheen, Katrice Lippa, Pamela M. Chu
As feedstocks transition from conventional oil to increasing amounts of unconventional petroleum sources and biomass, it will be necessary to determine whether a particular fuel or fuel blend is suitable for use in engines. Certifying a fuel as safe for
A combination of cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CNPGAA) and thermal neutron (TN) PGAA was used to determine sulfur in fuel oils down to 0.1 % for the purpose of developing a method to provide values for certification. The cold neutron
A. Koutian, Marc J. Assael, Marcia L. Huber, Richard A. Perkins
New, wide-range reference equations for the thermal conductivity of cyclohexane as a function of temperature and density are presented. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal
Paul J. Schroeder, Robert J. Wright, Sean Coburn, Bennett Sodergren, Kevin C. Cossel, Stefan Droste, Gar W. Truong, Esther Baumann, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, Ian R. Coddington, Nathan R. Newbury, Gregory B. Rieker
A. Koutian, Marc J. Assael, Marcia L. Huber, Richard A. Perkins
New, wide-range reference equations for the thermal conductivity of ethylene and propylene as a function of temperature and density are presented. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for
In recent years microwave-induced combustion (MIC) has proven a robust sample preparation technique for difficult-to-digest samples containing high carbon content, especially for halogens and sulfur. NIST has applied the MIC methodology in combination with
Numerous mathematical tools intended to optimize rate constants employed in detailed kinetic models and make them consistent with experimental data have been reported in the literature. A typical methodology begins with the assignment of uncertainties in
Aaron N. Johnson, Rodney A. Bryant, Tamae M. Wong, James R. Whetstone, Eric Harman, Woong Kang, Keith A. Gillis, Hsin-Hung Lee, Iosif I. Shinder, Liang Zhang
On April 20-21, 2015, NIST hosted a workshop that, through measurement science, enabled the owners of stationary sources (primarily the electric power industry) and their regulatory agencies (federal and state) to better characterize greenhouse gas (GHG)
S. Banerjee, Rei Tangko, David Sheen, Hai Wang, Craig T. Bowman
N-dodecane (n-C12H26) is a straight chain alkane that forms an important constituent of surrogate blends for common aviation fuels such as JP8 and Jet-A. The current study investigates n-dodecane pyrolysis and oxidation kinetics in the intermediate