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Energy

Alternative energy

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Displaying 251 - 275 of 379

Ultrafast THz photoconductivity of photovoltaic polymer-fullerene blends: a comparative study correlated with photovoltaic device performance

October 10, 2014
Author(s)
Edwin J. Heilweil, Jin Zuanming, Dominik Gehrig, Clare Dyer-Smith, Frederic Laquai, Mischa Bonn, Dmitry Turchinovich
Ultrafast photo-induced carrier dynamics in prototypical low band-gap polymer:fullerene photovoltaic blend films PTB7:PC70BM and P3HT:PC70BM is investigated using ultrafast terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. The sub-picosecond (ps) and few-ps decays of THz

In-situ morphology studies of the mechanism for solution additive effects on the formation of bulk heterojunction films.

September 29, 2014
Author(s)
Lee J. Richter, Dean M. DeLongchamp, Kang W. Chou, Aram Amassian, A Hexemer, Eric Schaible, Felicia A. Bokel, Sebastian Engmann
The most successful active film morphology in organic photovoltaics is the bulk heterojunction (BHJ). The performance of a BHJ arises from a complex interplay of the spatial organization of the segregated donor and acceptor phases and the local order

Compressed-liquid density measurements of three alternative turbine fuels

August 10, 2014
Author(s)
Stephanie L. Outcalt
Heavier kerosene based liquid fuels for aircraft and rockets are required to meet stringent performance specifications. Nevertheless, the escalating cost, unpredictable supply, and environmental impacts of traditional petroleum based fuels used for that

Comparing Matched Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Made by Solution-Sequential Processing and Traditional Blend Casting: Nanoscale Structure and Device Performance

July 8, 2014
Author(s)
Andrew Herzing, Steven A. Hawks, Jordan C. Aguirre, Laura T. Schelhas, Robert Thompson, Rachel Huber, Amy Ferreira, Guangye Zhang, Robert A. Street, Sarah Tolbert, Benjamin Schwartz
Efficient bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on polymer:fullerene photoactive layers can be created either by traditional blend casting (BC), where the components are mixed together in solution before being cast, or by solution-sequential

Cathodoluminescence Quantum Efficiency of Quantum Dot Thin Films

July 7, 2014
Author(s)
Heayoung Yoon, Christopher C. Bohn, Youngmin Lee, Seung H. Ko, Jonathan S. Steckel, Seth Coe-Sullivan, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
A thin film of quantum dots (QD) was used to visualize the local photo-response of polycrystalline CdTe solar cells by down-converting an electron beam of high energy to photons of visible light. The efficient photon generation in the QD film is compared

Predicting the J-V Curve in Organic Photovoltaics Using Impedance Spectroscopy

June 2, 2014
Author(s)
James I. Basham, Thomas N. Jackson, David J. Gundlach
We employ impedance spectroscopy as a method to predict the current-voltage curve in organic photovoltaics. This technique allows the quantification of the recombination rate, series resistance, carrier density and lifetime very close to normal operating

Evolution of electrochemical interfaces in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): a Ni and Zr resonant anomalous ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering studywith elemental and spatial resolution across the cell assembly

June 1, 2014
Author(s)
Andrew J. Allen, Jan Ilavsky, Pete R. Jemian, Artur Braun
Electrochemical interfaces are key to the direct conversion of fuels to electrical energy and lend energy converters like solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) their functionality. Over extended operation at high temperatures, the microstructure of the underlying

Predicting enzyme adsoprtion to lignin films from enzyme surface hydrophobicity

May 29, 2014
Author(s)
Deanne W. Sammond, John M. Yarbrough, Elisabeth Mansfield, Yannick J. Bomble, Sarah Hobdey, Stephen R. Decker, Larry Taylor, Michael G. Resch, Michael E. Himmel, Todd B. Vinzant, Michael F. Crowley
The loss of digestive activity of cellulase cocktails on biomass is a major challenge, commonly attributed to the binding of certain enzymes to lignin. While the binding mechanism remains unclear, hydrophobic interactions between enzymes and lignin are

Comparison of thin epitaxial film silicon photovoltaics fabricated on monocrystalline and polycrystalline seed layers on glass

May 5, 2014
Author(s)
C W. Teplin, Sachit Grover, Adrian Chitu, Alexander Limanov, Monical Chalal, James Im, Daniel Amkreutz, Stefan Gall, Heayoung Yoon, Vincenzo Lasalvia, H M. Branz, Paul Stradins, Kim M. Jones, Andrew G. Norman, David L. Young, Benjamin Lee
We fabricate thin epitaxial c-Si solar cells on display glass and fused silica substrates overcoated with a Si seed layer. We achieve an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 586 mV and 6.5% efficiency using a 2 µm thick absorber on a (100) monocrystalline layer

Hydrogen Field Test Standard: Laboratory Performance

April 14, 2014
Author(s)
Jodie G. Pope, John D. Wright
NIST developed a prototype field test standard (FTS) that incorporates three test methods that could be used by state weights and measures inspectors to periodically test retail hydrogen dispensers, much as gasoline dispensers are tested today. The three

Engineering Plant Cell Walls: Tuning Lignin Monomer Composition for Deconstructable Biofuels Feedstocks or Resilient Biomaterials

February 27, 2014
Author(s)
Peter Ciesielski, Michael Resch, Barron Hewetson, Jason Killgore, Alexandra Curtin, Nick Anderson, Ann Chiaramonti Debay, Donna C. Hurley, Aric Sanders, Michael Himmel, Clint Chapple, Nathan Mosier, Bryon Donohoe
Advances in genetic manipulation of the biopolymers that compose plant cell walls will facilitate more efficient production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and lead to specialized biomaterials with tailored properties. Here we investigate several

Inverse Vulcanization of Elemental Sulfur to Prepare Polymeric Electrode Materials for Li-S Batteries

February 20, 2014
Author(s)
Christopher L. Soles, Vladimir P. Oleshko, Jenny J. Kim, Adam Simmonds, Jared Griebel, Jeff Pyun, Jungjin Park, Woo Jin Chung, Woo Tae Kim, Richard Glass, Yung-Eun Sun, Kookheon Char
Sulfur-rich copolymers were synthesized via inverse vulcanization to create electroactive cathode materials for lithium-sulfur battery applications. These materials exhibit enhanced capacity retention (1005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and extended battery

Compressed-liquid Density Measurements of Three Alternative Turbine Fuels

February 7, 2014
Author(s)
Stephanie L. Outcalt
Compressed-liquid densities of three alternative turbine fuels have been measured. The measurements were made from 270 K to 470 K, and 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa. The data have been correlated with a Tait equation, and parameters are given for each fuel. Results of

Measuring order in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) with solid-state 13C CPMAS NMR

January 10, 2014
Author(s)
Ryan C. Nieuwendaal, Chad R. Snyder, Dean M. DeLongchamp
We report on details of molecular packing in high molar mass poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) by solid-state 13C {1H} cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR measurements. The degree of polymer order was estimated for two films of varied drying

Fast and Reliable Spectral Response Measurements of PV Cells Using Light Emitting Diodes

January 1, 2014
Author(s)
Behrang H. Hamadani, John F. Roller, Brian P. Dougherty, Howard W. Yoon
We present a measurement system for absolute differential spectral responsivity of solar cells based on high-powered LED arrays coupled to an optical light guide capable of large area illumination. Two different measurement techniques were developed and

Mapping the Local Photo-Electronic Properties of Polycrystalline Solar Cells through High Resolution Laser-Beam-Induced Current Microscopy

January 1, 2014
Author(s)
Marina S. Leite, Maxim Abashin, Henri J. Lezec, Anthony G. Gianfrancesco, Albert A. Talin, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
To boost the efficiency of thin film polycrystalline solar cells that are microscopically inhomogeneous, it is imperative to understand how the grain cores (GCs) and grain boundaries (GBs) within these materials affect its overall electronic properties. By

FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH OF TWO PIPELINE STEELS IN A PRESSURIZED HYDROGEN ENVIRONMENT

October 22, 2013
Author(s)
Andrew J. Slifka, Elizabeth S. Drexler, Nicholas Nanninga, Yaakov Levy, Joseph D. McColskey, Robert L. Amaro
Fatigue crack growth tests were conducted on two pipeline steel alloys, API 5L X52 and X100. Baseline tests were conducted in air, and those results were compared with tests conducted in pressurized hydrogen gas. All tests were run at (load ratio) R = 0.5
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