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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 226 - 250 of 486

Adhesion Society Meeting Proceedings

March 3, 2013
Author(s)
Rebecca Ploeger, Aaron Forster, Donald Hunston, Etienne de la Rie, Christopher McGlinchey
Consolidating adhesives have been used throughout the centuries for the conservation of painted cultural objects- such as paintings and polychrome sculpture- and if it were not for these adhesives, many objects may not have survived to the present day

Measurement Science Needs for the Expanded Use of Green Concrete: Workshop Summary Report

February 6, 2013
Author(s)
Kenneth A. Snyder, Dale P. Bentz, Jeffrey W. Bullard, Chiara F. Ferraris, Nicos Martys, Paul E. Stutzman
In July 2012, NIST conducted the Green Concrete Workshop to bring together stakeholders from the concrete construction industry and identify critical needs for the expanded use of industrial by- product materials, such as fly ash and slag, in concrete

Improving Concrete Bridge Decks with Internal Curing

February 1, 2013
Author(s)
Jason Weiss, Dale P. Bentz, Carmelo DiBella
Transportation agencies strive to provide durable, long lasting concrete bridge decks. While high performance concrete is frequently desired due to its resistance to chloride ingress and corrosion, these mixtures are often accompanied with an increased

Standard Operating Procedures for Smolder Ignition Testing of Upholstery Fabrics

December 11, 2012
Author(s)
Rick D. Davis, Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Roland H. Kraemer
This manuscript describes a methodology to measure the influence of an upholstery cover fabric to promote smoldering mass loss of a small-scale mock-up. The primary test metric is total mock-up mass loss after 45 min exposure to the smoldering ignition

Bridging the gap between random microstructure and 3-D meshing

November 10, 2012
Author(s)
Edward Garboczi, Yang Lu
There are different ways of mathematically representing 3-D heterogeneous material structures. But for each of these methods, usually the desired end result is a 3-D finite element mesh that will be used to investigate the mechanical properties of the

Factors Influencing the Smoldering Performance of Polyurethane Foam

September 26, 2012
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Roland H. Kraemer, Rick D. Davis, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Shivani N. Mehta
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether polyurethane foam (PUF) could be produced as a standard reference material for ultimate use in a standard test intended to ensure the smoldering performance of commercially available upholstered furniture

An Argument for Virtual Testing in the Cement Plant

September 10, 2012
Author(s)
Pichet Sahachaiyunta, Kittisak Pongpaisanseree, Jeffrey W. Bullard, Paul E. Stutzman, Edward Garboczi, Wilasa Vichit-Vadakan
The cement industry is moving toward customized commodity products, requiring plants that were built to consistently produce thousands of tons of one product each day to now be versatile enough to fine-tune multiple products that meet both industry

Relating Compressive Strength to Heat Release in Mortars

September 4, 2012
Author(s)
Dale P. Bentz, Tim Barrett, Igor de la Varga, William J. Weiss
Conventionally, isothermal calorimetry and ASTM C186 heat of hydration results are reported on a per mass of cement (powder) basis, with typical units being J/g cement for example. Based on the recognition that it is the filling of porosity with hydration

Assessment of Factors Affecting Fire Performance of Mattresses: A Review

September 3, 2012
Author(s)
Rick D. Davis, Shonali Nazare, Kathryn M. Butler
An in-depth analysis of U.S. residential fire statistics shows that although the total number of fires and deaths due to mattress fires has dropped as a result of several regulatory approaches, the mattress/bedding fires continue to account for one of the

Service Life Prediction for Sealants

August 27, 2012
Author(s)
Christopher C. White, Donald L. Hunston, Kar T. Tan
Previous industry consensus postulated that four elements of the weather: Temperature, Humidity, Ultraviolet Radiation, and Mechanical loading were responsible for the majority of the changes observed in sealants exposed to outdoor weathering. The NIST

Application of Internal Curing for Mixtures Containing High Volumes of Fly Ash

August 1, 2012
Author(s)
Igor de la Varga, Javier Castro, Dale P. Bentz, Jason Weiss
Sustainability has become an important issue in the concrete industry in recent years. One way to make concrete more sustainable is through the replacement of portland cement clinker with alternative cementitious materials such as fly ash. While fly ash is

Using Viscosity Modifiers to Reduce Effective Diffusivity in Mortars

August 1, 2012
Author(s)
Kenneth A. Snyder, Dale P. Bentz, Jeffrey M. Davis
Three viscosity modifiers (a commercial shrinkage-reducing admixture, a polypropylene glycol, and cellulose ether) are used to reduce the effective diffusivity of chloride ions through mortars during a one-year exposure. Two delivery mechanisms were

Certification of SRM 2492: Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements

June 7, 2012
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, Paul E. Stutzman, William F. Guthrie
Rheological measurements are often performed using a rotational rheometer. In this type of rheometer, the tested fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which is rotating [1]. Usually, the angular velocity is imposed and the response of the material

Elastic and Viscoelastic Properties of Calcium Silicate Hydrate

May 15, 2012
Author(s)
Zachary Grasley, Jones Christopher, X Li, Edward Garboczi, Jeffrey W. Bullard
In order to effectively predict the mechanical properties of concrete and other cementitious materials, it is useful to understand the properties and deformation mechanisms on the nano-metric length scale. Through a combined analytical, experimental, and

Concrete rheometers

May 1, 2012
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, Nicos Martys
The scope of this chapter is to introduce the current technology for measuring the rheological properties of concrete. The need to evaluate or assess the flow properties of concrete has resulted in the invention or design and standardization of hundreds of

A review of fire blocking technologies for soft furnishings

April 23, 2012
Author(s)
Shonali Nazare, Rick D. Davis
Fire barrier fabrics are expected to play an increasingly important role in complying with existing and proposed soft furnishing flammability regulations. The number of commercial fire blocking technologies is large in order to accommodate the vast
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